Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction for investigation of Senecavirus infection occurrence in Russia

Senecavirus, previously known as Seneca valley virus, is an emerging virus belonging to Senecavirus genus, Picornaviridae family, that can cause idiopathic vesicular disease clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease and thereby posing a great threat for pig holdings. Recently, evidence of Senecavirus A occurrence in pig herds in such countries as Brazil, the USA, Colombia, China and Thailand has been provided in foreign literature. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for of Senecavirus infection control. Results of studying the disease situation with genodiagnostic methods in the Russian Federation are presented in the paper. Primers and probe for real-time RT-PCR described by V. L. Fowler et al. in 2017 were used but the reaction conditions were optimized. Analysis of the method for its sensitivity showed absence of cross-reactivity with other tested viruses. The developed method for virus RNA detection was used to investigate senecavirus occurrence in pig holdings in the Russian Federation. A total of 1,577 samples of biological materials collected form pigs of different ages in 112 holdings located in 37 regions of the country were tested during 2018–2020. Senecavirus was detected in one holding located in the Urals Federal Okrug. It was supposed that the infectious agent had entered the said pig holding at the time of putting of the said holding into operation in 2015 and introduction of young breeding animals imported from Canada. This is the first report on Senecavirus detection in the Russian Federation. The threat of the pathogen introduction from other countries requires further Senecavirus infection investigation and control. The developed method can be used as a potential sensitive method for the said infectious disease diagnosis.

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