Бактерии рода сальмонелла в кормах для сельскохозяйственных животных. Обзор

В обзоре представлен анализ данных по исследованию кормов для сельскохозяйственных животных, подготовленный на основании сведений из научных публикаций за период с 1955 по 2020 г. Установлено, что общая комбинированная оценка распространенности выявления сальмонелл составила 0,14 с распространенностью 0,18 в компонентах сырого корма, 0,09 – в готовом корме и 0,08 – в смывах с поверхностей комбикормового оборудования. Вероятность заражения сальмонеллой компонентов сырого корма животного происхождения в 3,9 раза выше, чем компонентов сырого корма растительного происхождения. Отмечена тенденция к сокращению выявления бактерий рода Salmonella в сырьевых компонентах кормов, в то время как выявляемость в готовых кормах остается неизменной на протяжении десятилетий. Превалентность сальмонелл при исследовании проб, отобранных с объектов окружающей среды и поверхностей оборудования комбикормовых заводов, составила 0,08. Риск выявления сальмонелл на предприятиях по производству кормов в зоне предтермической обработки был в 1,5 раза выше, чем риск обнаружения в зоне посттермической обработки. При анализе серовариантного состава сальмонелл установлено, что S. senftenberg, S. montevideo, S. typhimurium, S. anatum, S. havana, S. enteritidis, S. cerro выделяют повсеместно. Cеротип S. salford встречается только на территории Африканского континента. При изучении антибиотикорезистентности изолятов сальмонелл отмечена устойчивость к таким препаратам, как цефтриаксон, карбапенем и имипенем, а полногеномное секвенирование показало наличие по крайне мере одного гена антибиотикорезистентности у 40% изолятов сальмонелл, выделенных на заводах по производству комбикормов для свиней.

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