ECTOPARASITE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS IN DOMESTIC FOWL IN THE KRASNODAR KRAI

One of the topical veterinary problems is infestation of domesticated chickens with ectoparasites. Permanent and temporary ectoparasites are vectors and reservoirs of more than 100 poultry infectious disease agents; they cause outbreaks of contagious diseases, thus decreasing performance and increasing economic losses. The results of ectoparasite fauna study in domesticated chickens in private backyards of the Krasnodar Krai are given. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 in 600 chickens of different breeds and ages in four settlements: Gorkhutor (250 chickens), Industrialny (150), Yuzhny (100) and Svyazist (100). The results of the analysis demonstrated that chickens were infested with the following ectoparasite species: shaft louse Menopon gallinae with the highest invasion extensity of 100% and average invasion intensity of 18.6 parasites; poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (55.7%) with average invasion intensity of 12.5 parasites; two species of scaly leg mites – Knemidocoptes mutans (17.7%) with average invasion intensity of 39.4 parasites; and Knemidocoptes gallinae (17.7%) with average invasion intensity of 35 parasites. Seasonal dynamics of fowl infestation with ectoparasites showed that shaft louse Menopon gallinae was found in spring, summer and autumn on all farms. Mites Dermanyssus gallinae were found more often in spring with maximum invasion extensity of 74.4%. The prevalence of scaly leg mites Knemidocoptes mutans and Knemidocoptes gallinae was as high as 76%. The results of the tests indicate that infestation of domesticated chickens with different species of ectoparasitres can be linked with bad hygiene practice and free access system, creating favourable and stable environment for them. That is why it is necessary to use scientifcally justifed control measures, involving modern insecticides and tools.

1. Akbayev R. M., Vasilevich F. I. Discussing the ability of mole mites Dermanyssus gallinae to transmit infectious diseases [K voprosu o sposobnosti gamazoidnyh kleshchej Dermanyssus gallinae byt’ perenoschikami vozbuditelej infekcionnyh boleznej]. Sovremennye problemy diagnostiki, lecheniya i proflaktiki boleznej zhivotnyh i ptic: proceedings, 2010; 3: 73–75 (in Russian).

2. Akbayev R. M. Poultry ectoparasites on commercial farms in the Nonchernozem zone [Ektoparazity pticy na territorii pticefabrik promyshlennogo tipa Nechernozemnoj zony]. Veterinariya. 2009; 10: 32–38 (in Russian).

3. Blagoveschensky D. I. Suborder Mallophaga – Biting lice. Identifcation guide of insects in the USSR European part: ed. 5, V. 1. Lower hemimetabolic Palaeoptera [Otryad Mallophaga – Puhoedy. Opredelitel’ nasekomyh Evropejskoj сhasti SSSR: Vyp. 5, T. 1. Nizshie, drevnekrylye, s nepolnym prevrashcheniem. ed. by Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences G. Ya. Beybiyenko. L.: Nauka. Leningrad Branch, 1964 (in Russian).

4. Bogdanova A. N. Biting mite population (Mallophaga) in domesticated chickens in Zhirnovsky Rayon, Volgograd Oblast [Populyaciya puhoedov (Mallophaga) na domashnih kurah v Zhirnovskom rajone Volgogradskoj oblasti]. Sovremennye tendencii razvitiya nauki i tekhnologij: proceedings of II International scientifc and practical conference, May 31, 2015: 7 parts. Part I. 2015; 2–1: 48–51 (in Russian).

5. Galat V. F., Yevstafeva V. A., Khizhnya L. Yu. Morphology peculiarities of mallophagosis agents in chickens of Poltava Oblast farms [Osobennosti morfologicheskogo stroeniya vozbuditelej mallofagozov kur v hozyajstvah Poltavskoj oblasti]. Uchenye zapiski UO VGAVM. 2013; 49 (2, 1): 47–51 (in Belarus).

6. Measurements of microscopic preparations; quantification of organs and organ parts [Izmerenie mikroskopicheskih preparatov, metodika kolichestvennogo izucheniya organov i chastej organov]. B. Romeys. Mikroskopische Technik: translated from German. ed. by I. I. Sokolov. M.: Izdatelstvo inostrannoi literatury, 1953 (in Russian).

7. Kozlov V. I. The tenebrionid Alphitobius diaperinus Panz., a predator of Dermanyssus Gallinae Redi [Chernotelka Alphitobius diaperinus Panz. kak hishchnik kurinogo kleshcha Dermanyssus gallinae Redi]. Parazitologiya. 1970; 4 (4): 363–364 (in Russian).

8. Kuyan N. V. Methods to control red mites in a poultry house [Kak borot’sya s krasnym kleshchom v ptichnike]. Ефективне птахiвництво. 2006; 3: 45–46 (in Ukraine).

9. Nagornaya L. V. Study of epidemiological situation related to ectoparasites on poultry farms [Izuchenie ehpizooticheskoj situacii otnositel’no ehktoparazitov v hozyajstvah s razvedeniya suhodol’noj pticy]. Uchenye zapiski UO VGAVM. 2014; 50 (2, 1): 103–106 (in Belarus).

10. Biting lice (Mallophaga) [Nasekomye puhoedy (Mallophaga)]. D. I. Blagoveschensky. USSR Fauna. M.; L.: Publishing Ofce of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1959 (in Russian).

11. Pashaev V. S., Aliev S. K. Bio-ecological peculiarities and activity dynamics of ectoparasites of domesticated and wild birds in Dagestan [Bioehkologicheskie osobennosti i dinamika aktivnosti ehktoparazitov domashnih i dikih ptic Dagestana]. Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2009; 1: 24–31 (in Russian).

12. Sirenko Ye. S., Bogach N. V., Mashkey A. N. Spread of dermanissiosis and mallophagosis in backyard chickens [Rasprostranenie dermanissioza i mallofagoza kur v priusadebnyh hozyajstvah]. Vestnik of Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 2014; 2: 56–58 (in Russian).

13. Frolov B. A. Ectoparasites of birds and their control [Ektoparazity ptic i bor’by s nimi]. M.: Kolos, 1975 (in Russian).

14. Mirzaei M., Ghashghaei O., Yakhchali M. Prevalence of ectoparasites of indigenous chickens from Dalahu region, Kermanshah province, Iran. Turkiye Parazitol. Derg. 2016; 40 (1): 13–16; DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2016.4185.

15. Prelezov P. N., Koinarski V. Ts. Species variety and population structure of Mallophaga (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on chickens in the region of Stara Zagora. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. 2006; 9 (3): 193–200.

16. Prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in indigenous free-ranging village chickens in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Z. A. Sabuni, P. G. Mbuthia, N. Maingi [et al.]. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 2010; 22 (11):212. URL: http://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd22/11/sabu22212.htm.

17. Schnieder T. Veterinärmedizinische Parasitologie. Stuttgart: Parey, 2006. Поступила 12.01.1