HEMAGGLUTINATION AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF AVIBACTERIUM PARAGALLINARUM ISOLATES RECOVERED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The paper demonstrates examination results of antigenic properties of Avibacterium paragallinarum reference strain and ten isolates thereof recovered in the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus. Nine isolates and the reference strain demonstrated type L hemagglutinin (thermoliable, trypsin-sensitive, active against fresh and glutaraldehyde-treated RBC). One isolate was marked by type Hl hemagglutinin (thermoliable, trypsin-resistant, active only against glutaraldehydetreated RBC). The reference strain antigen proved to be inagglutinable by homologous antiserum, and unable to agglutinate RBCs due to hyaluronic acid in the capsular substance. Serological and hemagglutination non-reactivity was removed through the cell treatment with hyaluronidase. The agglutination test demonstrated that seven out of ten tested isolates belonged to the same serological group; herewith, the proportion of the bilateral antigenic relatedness amounted to ≥78.4%. HI results demonstrated ≥92.6% antigenic relatedness of the tested isolates being indicative of the fact that they belonged not only to the same serological group but also to the same serotype. No serological relatedness was identifed between the tested isolates and reference strain of serogroup A both using agglutination test (≤23.6%) and HI (≤12.2%). Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that all the isolates recovered in the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus in 2014-2016 belonged to serogroup B.

1. Andreychuk D. B., Chvala IL. A., Potehin A. V. Methodical guidelines for Avibacterium paragallinarum genome detection and typing using multiplex-PCR [Metodicheskie rekomendacii po vyyavleniyu genoma i tipirovaniyu mikroorganizma Avibacterium paragallinarum s pomoshch’yu PCR v formate mul’tipleks].Vladimir: FGBI “ARRIAH”, 2016 (in Russian).

2. Yevgrafova V. A., Potehin A. V. Virulence of chicken infectious coryza agent isolates [Virulentnost’ izolyatov vozbuditelya infekcionnogo rinita kur]. Veterinary Science Today. 2017; 4 (23): 28–32 (in Russian).

3. Archetti I., Horsfall F. L. Persistent antigenic variation of influenza A virus after incomplete neutralization in ovo with heterologous immune serum. J. Exp. Med. 1950; 92 (5): 441–462; DOI: 10.1084/jem.92.5.441.

4. Blackall P. J. The avian haemophili. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1989; 2 (3): 270–277; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.2.3.270.

5. Blackall P. J. Infectious coryza: overview of the disease and new diagnostic options. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999; 12 (4): 627–632; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.627.

6. Blackall P. J., Eaves L. E., Rogers D. G. Proposal of a new serovar and altered nomenclature for Haemophilus paragallinarum in the Kume hemagglutinin scheme. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1990; 28 (6): 1185–1187; PMCID: PMC267902.

7. Blackall P. J., Matsumoto M. Infectious coryza. Diseases of Poultry. ed. Y. M. Saif [et al.]. 11th ed. Ames, Iowa, 2003: 691–703.

8. Bragg R. R. Effects of differences in virulence of different serovars of Haemophilus paragallinarum on perceived vaccine efcacy. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 2005; 72 (1): 1–6; PMID: 15991700.

9. Characterization of isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum from Indonesia. S. Poernomo, Sutarma, M. Rafee, P. J. Blackall. Australian Vet. J. 2000; 78 (11): 759–762; DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10447.x.

10. Eaves L. E., Rogers D. G., Blackall P. J. Comparison of hemagglutinin and agglutinin schemes for the serological classifcation of Haemophilus paragallinarum and proposal of a new hemagglutinin serovar. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1989; 27 (7): 1510–1513; PMCID: PMC267605.

11. Evaluation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in the subtyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum. P. J. Blackall, Y. Z. Zheng, T. Yamaguchi [et al.]. Avian Dis. 1991; 35 (4): 955–959; PMID: 1786026.

12. Further studies on the use of a polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of infectious coryza. X. Chen, C. Song, Y. Gong, P. J. Blackall. Avian Pathol. 19984; 27 (6): 618-624; DOI: 10.1080/03079459808419393.

13. Pathogenicity and serovar-specifc hemagglutinating antigens of Haemophilus paragallinarum serovar B strains. T. Yamaguchi, P. J. Blackall, S. Takigami [et al.]. Avian Dis. 1990; 34 (4): 964–968; PMID: 2149263.

14. Rapid and sensitive detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in the presence of other bacteria using a 5’ Taq nuclease assay: a new tool for diagnosing infections coryza. B. G. Corney, I. S. Diallo, L. Wright [et al.]. Avian Pathol. 2008; 37 (6): 599–604; DOI: 10.1080/03079450802449139.

15. Reclassifcation of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. Nov. P. J. Blackall, H. Christensen, T. Beckenham [et al.]. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2005; 55 (Pt): 353–362; DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63357-0.

16. Sakamoto R., Kino Y., Sakaguchi M. Development of a multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP method for serotyping of Avibacterium paragallinarum. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2012; 74 (2): 271–273; DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0319.

17. Sawata A., Kume K. Relationships between virulence and morphological or serological properties of variants dissociated from serotype 1 Haemophilus paragallinarum strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1983; 18 (1): 49–55; PMCID: PMC270743.

18. Sawata A., Kume K., Nakai T. Serologic typing of Haemophilus paragallinarum based on serum bactericidal reactions. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 1984; 46 (6): 909–912; PMID: 6521153.

19. Sawata A., Kume K., Nakase Y. Biologic and serologic relationships between Page’s and Sawata’s serotypes of Haemophilus paragallinarum. Am J. Vet. Res. 1980; 41 (11): 1901–1904; PMID: 7212424.

20. Thornton A. M., Blackall P. J. Serological classifcation of Australian isolates of Haemophilus paragallinaru. Aust. Vet J. 1984; 61 (8): 251–253; DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1984.tb15533.x.

21. Virulence of the nine serovar reference strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum. V. E. Soriano, G. M. Longinos, R. P. Fernández [et al.]. Avian Dis. 2004; 48 (4): 886–889; DOI: 10.1637/7188-033104R1.