Evaluating wound-healing effect of silicon-zinc-boron-containing glycerohydrogel and its effect on mammary glands of high producing dairy cows

Cow’s milk quality, which may deteriorate due to inflammatory processes in the mammary glands, remains one of the important problems of dairy farming and requires effective, safe and affordable therapeutic agents. Nanocomposite silicon-zinc-boron-containing glycerohydrogel (Si-Zn-B-gel) may become a very good solution to the issue. The paper demonstrates wound-healing effect of the glycerohydrogel and confirms its effectiveness for teat hyperkeratosis treatment indairy cows. Results of a rat burn model – based experiment suggest that Si-Zn-B-gel is a promising wound healing agent for topical use. Thus, on Day 9 complete re-epithelialization of the burn surface was observed, with fibrous structures prevailing in the granulation tissue of the dermal layer, on Day 19 a mature scar was formed with a longitudinal alignment of collagen fibers. The production tests conducted inhigh producing dairy cows have demonstrated good therapeutic effect of the Si-Zn-B gel for teat-end hyperkeratosis and confirmed its long-term effect that helps to longer maintain the results achieved during treatment. After a 7-day treatment physiological structure of up to 27.8% teats improved, on Day 14 of the experiment no severe hyperkeratotic lesions were observed and the number of teats that correspond to the physiological norm was 72.2%. Analysis of the data collected shows that the Si-Zn-B-gel is effective for teat-end hyperkeratosis treatment, thus, it prevents mastitis in animals and improves the milk quality.

1. Donnik I. M., Shkuratova I. A., Isaeva A. G., Beykin Ya. B., Yakubenko E. V. Evaluation of immunestatus of cows depending on productivity, season, physiological state and genotype. Veterinaria Kubani. 2013; 1: 5–7. EDN: PVOQET. (inRuss.)

2. Konopeltsev I. G. Zabolevaemost’ korov mastitom v usloviyakh sel’khozpredpriyatii Kirovskoi oblasti = Incidence rate of mastitis in cows inagricultural holdings of Kirov Oblast. Innovatsii i dostizheniya v sel’skom khozyaistve: materialy II Vserossiiskoi (natsional’noi) nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (22 dekabrya 2020 g.) = Innovations and achievements in agriculture: Materials of the II All-Russian (national) Scientific and Practical Conference (December 22, 2020). Kirov: FSBEI HE Vyatka SAA; 2020; 30–36. EDN: CZYYRT. (inRuss.)

3. Tarasenko M. N. Improving methods of mastitis prevention in high producing dairy cows: Thesis fordegree ofCandidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine). Ekaterinburg; 2016. 172 p. EDN: WOQLYH. (inRuss.)

4. UshvitskiyL. I., DidenkoE. S. Problems of food independence of Russia in the dairy industry. Newsletter of North-Caucasus Federal University. 2023; (3):171–177. DOI: 10.37493/2307-907X.2023.3.19. (inRuss.)

5. Barashkin M. I., Loretz O. G., Barkova A. S., Elesin A. V., Shurmanova E. I., Milstein I. M. Hyperkeratosis of nipples in cows during industrial milk production. Veterinaria i kormlenie. 2018; 2: 13–16. DOI: 10.30917/ATTVK-1814-9588-2018-2-3. (inRuss.)

6. Klimov N. T., Zimnikov V. I., Sashnina L. Yu., Morgunova V. I., AdodinaM. I. Blood content of proinflammatory cytokines and indicators of the immune status of cows with subclinical mastitis. Bulletin of veterinary pharmacology. 2020; 1 (10): 181–189. DOI: 10.17238/issn2541-8203.2020.1.181.

7. PantojaJ. C. F., CorreiaL. B. N., RossiR. S., LatosinskiG. S. Association between teat-end hyperkeratosis and mastitis in dairy cows: asystematic review. J. Dairy Sci. 2020; 103 (2): 1843–1855. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16811.

8. VierbauchT., Peinhopf-PetzW., WittekT. Effects of milking, over-milking and vacuum levels on front and rear quarter teats in dairy cows. J.Dairy Res. 2021; 88 (4): 396–400. DOI: 10.1017/S0022029921000807.

9. ElesinA.V., BarkovaA.S. Diseases of udder nipples. Animal Husbandry of Russia. 2008; 8: 47–48. EDN: JUOFOR. (inRuss.)

10. Manzhurina O. A., Klimov N. T., Parkhomenko Yu. S., Zimnikov V. I., Perepelkina I. S., Semenova E. V. Milk microflora of clinically healthy and mastitis diseased cows. Veterinariya. 2020; 3: 38–40. DOI: 10.30896/0042-4846.2020.23.3.38-40. (inRuss.)

11. Demba S., Hoffmann G., Ammon C., Rose-Meierhöfer S. Sensor- based detection of the severity of hyperkeratosis in the teats of dairy cows. Sensors (Basel). 2018; 18(11):3925. DOI: 10.3390/s18113925.

12. Leitner G., Lavon Y., Merin U., Jacoby S., Blum S., Krifucks O., Silanikove N. Milk quality and milk transformation parameters from infected mammary glands depends on the infecting bacteria species. PLoS One. 2019; 14 (7):e0213817. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213817.

13. Loretts O. G., Barkova A. S., Elesin A. V., Khonina T. G., Shurmanova E. I., Barashkin M. I., Milstein I. M. Dissemination, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of cattle teat diseases in agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region of Russian Federation. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (5): 1867–1882. EDN: WWTKXK.

14. Stauffer C., Van der Vekens E., Stoffel M. H., Schweizer D., BruckmaierR. M. Increased teat wall thickness in response to machine milking. J. Dairy Sci. 2021; 104 (8): 9082–9092. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20294.

15. Wieland M., Scholbach T. M., Shirky S., Virkler P. D., Nydam D. V., Cheong S. H., Porter I. R. Technical note: Development and evaluation of a standardized technique to assess blood perfusion in teats of dairy cows using power Doppler ultrasonography. J. Dairy Sci. 2019; 102 (10): 9488–9494. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16670.

16. Khonina T. G., Chupakhin O. N., Kungurov N. V., Zilberberg N. V., Evstigneeva N. P., Kokhan M. M., et al. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of asilicon-zinc-boron-containing glycerohydrogel. Russian Chemical Bulletin, International Edition. 2019; 68(8): 1621–1628. DOI:10.1007/s11172-019-2601-5.

17. Khonina T. G., Kungurov N. V., Zilberberg N. V., Evstigneeva N. P., Kokhan M. М., Polishchuk A. I., et al. Structural features and antimicrobial activity of hydrogels obtained by the sol–gel method from silicon, zinc, and boron glycerolates. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2020; 95 (3): 682–692. DOI: 10.1007/s10971-020-05328-6.

18. Chupakhin O. N., Khonina T. G., Kungurov N. V., Zilberberg N. V., Evstigneeva N. P., Kokhan M. M., et al. Silicon-boron-containing glycerohydrogel having wound healing, regenerative, and antimicrobial activity. Russian Chemical Bulletin, International Edition. 2017; 66 (3): 558–563. DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1771-2.

19. ParikovV.A., NezhdanovA.G., SlobodyanikV.I., YurkovV.M. Mastitis ofcows. In: Integrated environmentally safe animal health system: methodological recommendations. Moscow: Rosinformagrotech; 2000; 111–132. EDN: VTKZWR. (inRuss.)

20. WielandM., MelvinJ.M., VirklerP.D., NydamD.V., HeuwieserW. Technical note: Development and evaluation of a standard operating procedure for ultrasound-based measurements of teat canal dimensions in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2018; 101 (2): 1518–1523. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13326.