Comparative effectiveness of eimeriocidal products for treatment of broiler chickens in small scale production

There is currently almost no poultry holding where avian eimerioses, both monoinvasions and those associated with cryptosporidioses, salmonelloses and colibacte- rioses, are not reported. In view of this, the disease control is an urgent challenge that shall be approached in its entirety, using various eimeriostats, antibiotics and probiotics. Searching for new effective products with broad-spectrum antiparasitic action is one of priorities in avian eimeriosis control. Comparative tests of different combinations of eimeriocidal products, namely solicox + chicktonic, maduvet + tylosin and eimeterm + enrofloxacin, for their treatment and protective effectiveness were carried out under production conditions in broiler chickens of a poultry factory located in the Republic of Dagestan. To perform the tests, four groups of broiler chickens (one control group and three test groups, each comprising 50 chickens) were formed based on the principle of analogues. The treatment and prevention scheme adopted in the said poultry holding was used for the control group chickens. Test group 1 chickens were given solicox at a dose of 2 ml per 1 liter of drinking water in combination with chicktonic (a feed supplement) at a dose of 1 ml per 1 liter of water during 4–5 days. Group 2 chickens were given maduvet at a dose of 3−5 mg/kg of body weight with feed twice and tylosin at a dose of 5 g of powder per 10 liters of water once a day during 5 days; where necessary, the procedure was repeated in 14–16 days. Group 3 broiler chickens were given eimeterm 2.5% at a dose of 7 mg/kg of body weight with water during 2 days in combination with enrofloxacin at a dose of 3 ml per 1 liter of drinking water during 5–6 days. It is shown that a decrease in the number of clinically diseased and dead chickens was observed in the test groups after the use of eimeriocidal products that helped to improve zootechnical parameters of reared broiler chicks. Product extenseffectiveness and intens- effectiveness in different groups of chickens were as follows: Group 1 – 89.2 and 96%, Group 2 – 87.6 and 94%, Group 3 –81.4 and 96%, respectively. The clinical signs of eimeriosis were observed in the control group chickens throughout the entire period of studies, invasion extensity and intensity were 87.6 and 42.6%, respectively.

1. Vershinin I. I. Koktsidiozy zhivotnykh i ikh differentsial’naya diagnostika = Animal coccidioses and their differential diagnosis. Ekaterinburg; 1996. 264 р. (in Russ.)

2. Bessarabov B., Kovaikin A. Profilaktika respiratornykh i parazitarnykh zabolevanii = Prevention of respiratory and parasitic diseases. Ptitsevodstvo. 2008; 4: 57. eLIBRARY ID: 10334029. (in Russ.)

3. Kirillov A. I. Koktsidiozy ptits = Avian coccidioses. Moscow: Rossel’khozakademiya. 2008. 229 p. (in Russ.)

4. Mishin V. S., Kadnikova G. F. Koktsidioz kur. Sredstva i metody resheniya problemy = Chicken coccidiosis. Tools and methods to deal with the problem. Veterinarija sel’skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh. 2011; 3: 16. (in Russ.)

5. Safiullin R. T., Titova T. G., Nurtdinova T. A. Complex program against the coccidiosis of birds to reduce the circulation of resistant forms of Eimeria spp. on the poultry ground. Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2017; 41 (3): 288–297. eLIBRARY ID: 30162253. (in Russ.)

6. Badran I., Lukešová D. Control of coccidiosis and different coccidia of chicken in selected technologies used in tropics and subtropics. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica. 2006; 39 (1): 39–43.

7. Chapman H. D. Rotation programmes for coccidiosis control. International Poultry Production. 2007; 15 (1): 7–9.

8. McDonald V., Shirley M. W. Past and future: vaccination against Eimeria. Parasitology. 2009; 136 (12): 1477–1489. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009006349.

9. Lilić S., Ilic T., Dimitrijević S. Coccidiosis in poultry industry. Tehnologija mesa. 2009; 50: 90–98.

10. Jadhav B. N., Nikam S. V., Bhamre S. N., Jaid E. L. Study of Eimeria necatrix in broiler chicken from Aurangabad District of Maharashtra state India. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. 2011; 1 (11): 11–12.

11. Bakrieva R. M., Abdulmagomedov S. Sh., Dagayeva A. B., Gadzhimuradova Z. T., Musaev A. M. Distribution, species, treatment and prevention of poultry eimeriosis. Gornoe sel’skoe khozyaistvo. 2018; 4: 156–159. DOI: 10.25691/GSH.2018.4.038. (in Russ.)

12. Elchiev Ja. Ja. Biochemical estimation of the medical efficiency of coccidin at poultry coccidiosis. Parazitologiya. 1980; 14 (5): 452–456. Available at: https://www.zin.ru/journals/Parazitologiya/content/1980/prz_1980_5_13_Elchiev.pdf. (in Russ.)

13. Svanbaev S. K. Koktsidii i koktsidiozy zhivotnykh Kazakhstana: avtoref. dis. … d-ra biol. nauk = Coccidia and coccidioses of animals in Kazakhstan: author’s abstract of Doctor of Science (Biology) thesis. Alma-Ata; 1968. 54 р. Available at: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/rsl01000791060?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white. (in Russ.)

14. Dalloul R. A., Lillehoj H. S. Poultry coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2006; 5 (1): 143–163. DOI: 10.1586/14760584.5.1.143.

15. Williams R. B. A compartmentalised model for the estimation of the cost of coccidiosis to the world’s chicken production industry. Int. J. Parasitol. 1999; 29 (8): 1209–1229. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00086-7.

16. Ilyushechkin Yu. P. Koktsidiozy v promyshlennom ptitsevodstve = Coccidioses in poultry industry. Ptitsevodstvo. 1992; 1: 22–23. (in Russ.)

17. Belozerova S. Vaktsina koksabik dlya profilaktiki koktsidioza u broilerov = Coxabic vaccine for prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. Bolezni ptits v promyshlennom ptitsevodstve. Sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy i strategiya bor’by: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi pamyati akademika Rossel’khozakademii R. N. Korovina = Avian diseases in poultry industry. The current status of the problem and combat policies: proceedings of the research-to-practice conference dedicated to the memory of R. N. Korovin, a Member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Saint Petersburg: VNIVIP, 2007; 286–292. (in Russ.)

18. Dagayeva A. B., Bakrieva R. М., Makhieva B. M. Eimeriosis in poultry: biology, spread and control measures in the Caspian Sea Region of the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2020; 14 (1): 29–34. DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-1-29-34. (in Russ.)

19. Gizzatullin R. R. Kliniko-morfologicheskaya otsenka effektivnosti soedineniya «Degel’m-14» pri eimerioze kur: avtoref. dis kand. vet. nauk = Clinical and morphological evaluation of “Degelm-14” compound effectiveness against chicken eimeriosis: author’s abstract of Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine) thesis. Nizhny Novgorod; 2013. 22 р. Available at: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/rsl01005051860?page=1&ro-tate=0&theme=white. (in Russ.)

20. Kuznetsov V. V. Vliyanie nekotorykh eimeriostatikov i skhem profilaktiki eimerioza na klinicheskii status i enterobiotsenoz tsyplyat-broilerov: avtoref. dis kand. vet. nauk = The effect of certain eimeriostats and eimeriosis prevention schemes on the clinical status and enterobiocenosis of broiler chickens: author’s abstract of Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine) thesis. Tyumen; 2006. 18 р. (in Russ.)

21. Novikov P. V., Safiullin R. T. Methodical guidelines for the struggle against chicken eimeriosis in farms and private subsidiary holdings. Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2015; 4: 109–113. (in Russ.)

22. Orlov S. A. Profilaktika koktsidioza = Prevention of coccidiosis. Veterinarija sel’skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh. 2011; 3: 17–18. (in Russ.)

23. Yatusevich A. I., Mironenko A. I., Sandul V. M., Gisko A. V., Gurskii V. N., Slobodyan P. D., et al. Maksiban – novyi protivoeimerioznyi preparat = Maxiban as a novel anti-eimeriosis product. Uchenye zapiski Educational Establishment “Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine”. 2006; 42 (2): 253–255. Available at: https://repo.vsavm.by//bitstream/12345678 9/7469/1/z-2006-42-2-2-253-255.pdf. (in Russ.)

24. Yatusevich A. I., Boroznov S. L., Sandul A. V., Gisko V. N. Ministerstvo sel’skogo khozyaistva i prodovol’stviya Respubliki Belarus’, Respublikanskoe ob”edinenie «Belptitseprom», UO «VGAVM». Rekomendatsii po bor’be s eimeriozom kur = Recommendations on chicken eimeriosis control. Vitebsk: VGAVM; 2009. 30 р. (in Russ.)

25. De Gussem M. Coccidiosis in poultry: review on diagnosis, control, prevention and interaction with overall gut health. In: Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition. 2007; 253–261.

26. Fitz-Coy S. H., Edgar S. A. Pathogenicity and control of Eimeria mitis infections in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 1992; 36 (1): 44–48. PMID: 1567309.

27. Zhang M., Li X., Zhao Q., She R., Xia S., Zhang K., et al. Anticoccidial activity of novel triazine compounds in broiler chickens. Vet. Parasitol. 2019; 267: 4–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.006.

28. Abbas R., Iqbal Z., Blake D., Khan M., Saleemi M. Anticoccidial drug resistance in fowl coccidia: The state of play revisited. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2011; 67 (2): 337–350. DOI: 10.1017/S004393391100033X.

29. Peek H. W., Landman W. J. Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies. Vet. Q. 2011; 31 (3): 143– 161. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.605247.

30. Ruff M. D., Chute M. B., McLoughlin D. K. Resistance to monensin medication in Eimeria tenella. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 1985; 52 (1): 114–118.

31. Bino Sundar S. Т., Harikrishnan T. J., Latha B. R., Sarath Chandra G., Senthil Kumar T. M. A. Anticoccidial drug resistance in chicken coccidiosis and promising solutions: A review. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2017; 5 (4): 1526–1529.

32. Usman J. G., Gadzama U. N., Kwaghe A. V., Madziga H. A. Anticoccidial resistance in poultry: A review. New York Science Journal. 2011; 4 (8): 102–109.