Determination of fungal genera composition and total toxicity of feed produced in the Republic of Crimea
https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2020-4-35-290-297
Abstract
Animal mycotoxicoses caused by ingestion of toxicogenic micromycete-contaminated feed are of major concern for agricultural industry and of great importance for production of agricultural products. In 2017–2019, feed and raw feed materials produced in the Republic of Crimea were tested for mold fungi and genera composition thereof; the feedstuffs were tested for total toxicity by bioassay in rabbits. A total of 252 samples including 124 grain feed samples, 70 forage samples, 58 mixed feed samples were selected for testing. Tests showed that the major detected contaminants were members of the following genera: Mucor (67.9%), Penicillium (26.6%), Aspergillus (13.1%), Fusarium (9.1%), Alternaria (8.7%), Stachybotrys (3.6%) and Rhizopus (2.0%). It was revealed that feed were exposed to mold fungi contamination during vegetation and harvesting as well as during transportation and storage. Thus, in spring the feed were more often contaminated with micromycetes of Penicillium genus (37.8%) and Stachybotrys genus (6.7%); feed collected and tested in autumn were more often contaminated with toxicogenic mold fungi of Fusarium genus (14.9%), Alternaria genus (13.9%) and Rhizopus genus (3.0%); in winter members of Mucor genus (78.0%) and Aspergillus genus (22.0%) were most often detected in feed. Tests for determination of total toxicity showed that 9 (7.3%) and 10 (8.1%) samples out of 124 tested grain feed samples were low toxic and evidently toxic, respectively. Tests of mixed feed samples for toxicity showed that 5 samples (8.6%) and 2 (3.4%) samples out of 58 mixed feed samples were low toxic and evidently toxic, respectively. It was shown that the proportion of contaminated feed was the highest in spring (25.0%) as compared to proportion of the contaminated feed in winter (18.2%), in autumn (13.7%) and in summer (4.5%).
About the Authors
S. S. IbragimovaRussian Federation
Selime S. Ibragimova, Post-Graduate Student, Head of Sector
Simferopol city
O. V. Pruntova
Russian Federation
Olga V. Pruntova, Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, Chief Expert, Information and Analysis Centre
Vladimir
S. I. Danilchenko
Russian Federation
Sergey I. Danilchenko, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory and Diagnostic Centre
Simferopol city
Ye S. Yerofeeva
Russian Federation
Yelena S. Yerofeeva, Post-Graduate Student, Head of Food Safety Laboratory
Simferopol city
References
1. Ivanov А. V., Tremasov М. Ya., Papunidi К. Kh., Chulkov А. К. Animal mycotoxicoses (etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention) [Mikotoksikozy zhivotnyh (etiologiya, diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika)]. М.: Kolos; 2008. 133 р. (in Russian)
2. Popova О. М. Immunological, biochemical and microbiological characteristics of cows with T-2 and aspergillus-associated toxicosis and correction thereof [Immunobiologicheskie, biohimicheskie i mikrobiologicheskie pokazateli korov pri associirovannom T-2 i aspergillotoksikoze i ih korrekciya]: Author’s Abstract of Thesis for Doctor of Biology Degree. Kazan; 2016. 40 p. (in Russian)
3. Yakimova E. А. Generic composition and quantitative content of microscopic fungi in feed and raw feed materials for animals [Vidovoj sostav i kolichestvennoe soderzhanie mikroskopicheskih gribov v kormah i kormovom syr’e dlya zhivotnyh]. Biotika. 2015; 6 (7): 3–12. eLIBRARY ID: 26591267. (in Russian)
4. Alshannaq A., Yu J.-H. Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017; 14: 632. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060632.
5. Tremasov M. Ya., Papunidi K. Kh., Semenov E. I., Tarasova E. Yu. Current problems of veterinary toxicology. Vestnik veterinarii. 2012; 4 (63): 16–18. eLIBRARY ID: 18258778. (in Russian)
6. Koshchaev A. G., Khmara I. V. Peculiarities of seasonal mycotoxin contamination of raw grain and mixed fodders in Krasnodar Region. Veterinaria Kubani. 2013; 2: 29–30. eLIBRARY ID: 19008503. (in Russian)
7. Ivanov I. I. Mycotoxin sources and distribution and mycotoxicosis prevention in animals in the Republic of Mariy-El [Istochniki, rasprostranenie mikotoksinov i profilaktika mikotoksikozov zhivotnyh v Respublike Marij El]: Author’s Abstract of Thesis for Candidate of Science Degree (Biology). Кazan; 2002. 18 p. (in Russian)
8. Papunidi К. Kh., Tremasov М. Ya., Fisinin V. I., Nikitin А. I., Semenov E. I. Mycotoxins (in food chain) [Mikotoksiny (v pishchevoj cepochke)]: Monograph. 2nd edition, revised. Kazan: FGBSI “Federal Centre for Toxicological, Radiological and Biological Safety”; 2017. 158 p. (in Russian)
9. Medetkhanov F. A., Hairullin D. D., Mullakayeva L. A., Ovsyannikov A. P. Study guide for veterinary toxicology [Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie po veterinarnoj toksikologii]. Кazan: FGBEI “Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine”; 2017. 133 p. (in Russian)
10. Baybakova J. P., Husainov I. T., Kryuchkova M. A., Tremasov M. J., Ahmetov F. G. Sanitary-mycology evaluation of forage quality. Veterinary Medicine. 2010; 94: 296–297. (in Russian)
11. Abakin S. S. Mycotoxins: diagnosis and prevention [Mikotoksiny: diagnostika i profilaktika]. In: Proceedings of the Stavropol Research Institute for Animal Farming and Feed Production. 2006; 2: 89–97. eLIBRARY ID: 17244251. (in Russian)
12. GOST 13496.6-71. Mixed feed. Method of detachment of fungi (with amended No. 1, 2). М.: Standartinform; 2011. 4 p. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200024325. (in Russian)
13. Methodical guidelines for sanitary and mycological evaluation of feed and for feed quality improvement [Metodicheskie ukazaniya posanitarno-mikologicheskoj ocenke i uluchsheniyu kachestva kormov]. М.: Main Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture; 1985. 68 p. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200108240. (in Russian)
14. MU-287-113. Methodical guidelines for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical devices [Metodicheskie ukazaniya po dezinfekcii, predsterilizacionnoj ochistke i sterilizacii izdelij medicinskogo naznacheniya]. М.: Federal Centre for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the RF Ministry of Health; 1998. Available at: http://docs. cntd.ru/document/1200031410. (in Russian)
15. GOST 10444.12-2013. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Methods for the detection and colony count of yeasts and moulds. М.: Standartinform; 2014. 7 p. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200107308. (in Russian)
16. Potekhina R. M., Ermolaeva O. K., Sagdeeva Z. Kh., Semenov E. I. Mycological assessment of feed in the Republic of Tatarstan. Veterinarnyj Vrach. 2019; 1: 19–23. DOI: 10.33632/1998-698X.2019-1-19-24. (in Russian)
17. Richard J. L. Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses – an overview. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007; 119 (1–2): 3–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfood-micro.2007.07.019.
18. GOST 31674-2012. Feeds, compound feeds, material for compound feeds. Methods for the determination of common toxicity. М.: Standart-inform; 2014. 15 p. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200096705. (in Russian)
Review
For citations:
Ibragimova S.S., Pruntova O.V., Danilchenko S.I., Yerofeeva Ye.S. Determination of fungal genera composition and total toxicity of feed produced in the Republic of Crimea. Veterinary Science Today. 2020;(4):290-297. https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2020-4-35-290-297