veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-1-87-94veterinary-985Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦORIGINAL ARTICLES | AVIAN DISEASESТест-система для дифференциации вирусов гриппа птиц и ньюкаслской болезни в органах больных и павших курDifferentiation of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in organ samples from sick and dead chickens using a rapid test kithttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-0152ШустоваЕ. Ю.ShustovaE. Yu.

Шустова Елена Юрьевна, канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии вирусов

пос. Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1, г. Москва, 108819

Elena Yu. Shustova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses

poselok Institute of Poliomyelitis, 8/1, Moscow 108819

hustova_eu@chumakovs.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-0548ГамбарянА. С.GambaryanA. S.

Гамбарян Александра Сергеевна, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии вирусов 

пос. Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1, г. Москва, 108819

Aleksandra S. Gambaryan, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses

poselok Institute of Poliomyelitis, 8/1, Moscow 108819

al.gambaryan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-4640БоравлеваЕ. Ю.BoravlevaE. Yu.

Боравлева Елизавета Юрьевна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии вирусов

пос. Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1, г. Москва, 108819

Elizaveta Yu. Boravleva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses

poselok Institute of Poliomyelitis, 8/1, Moscow 108819

elisavetbor@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-2413ТрещалинаА. А.TreshchalinaA. A.

Трещалина Анастасия Андреевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии вирусов

пос. Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1, г. Москва, 108819

Anastasiya A. Treshchalina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses

poselok Institute of Poliomyelitis, 8/1, Moscow 108819

treshchalinaA@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-8248-1257СейтаблаевА. А.SeitablaevA. A.

Сейтаблаев Артем Александрович, лаборант-исследо­ватель лаборатории молекулярной биологии вирусов

пос. Института полиомиелита, домовладение 8, корп. 1, г. Москва, 108819

Artem A. Seitablaev, Laboratory Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Viruses

poselok Institute of Poliomyelitis, 8/1, Moscow 108819

seytabulaev_aa@chumakovs.suhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1030-5761БерезовскийС. И.BerezovskyS. I.

Березовский Станислав Игоревич, генеральный директор

ул. Промышленная, 2, г. Троицк, 108840, г. Москва

Stanislav I. Berezovsky, General Director

ul. Promyshlennaya, 2, Troitsk 108840, Moscow

Stanislav@vetfaktor.ruФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М. П. Чумакова РАН» (Институт полиомиелита) [ФГАНУ «ФНЦИРИП им. М. П. Чумакова РАН» (Институт полиомиелита)]РоссияChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)Russian FederationООО «ВЕТ ФАКТОР»РоссияVET FAKTOR LLCRussian Federation2026180320261518794Copyright © Шустова Е.Ю., Гамбарян А.С., Боравлева Е.Ю., Трещалина А.А., Сейтаблаев А.А., Березовский С.И., 20262026Шустова Е.Ю., Гамбарян А.С., Боравлева Е.Ю., Трещалина А.А., Сейтаблаев А.А., Березовский С.И.Shustova E.Y., Gambaryan A.S., Boravleva E.Y., Treshchalina A.A., Seitablaev A.A., Berezovsky S.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/985

Введение. Грипп птиц и ньюкаслская болезнь представляют собой серьезную угрозу для здоровья птиц. Оба заболевания характеризуются высокой контагиозностью и в условиях быстрого распространения могут привести к серьезным убыткам. Признаки болезней часто схожи, что затрудняет быструю диагностику и принятие экстренных мер по изоляции больных особей. Оперативное распознавание заболеваний является критически важным для своевременного реагирования.Цель исследования. Целью работы является разработка простой тест-системы для детекции вируса гриппа птиц и парамиксовирусов в органах больных и павших птиц при возникновении вспышек заболеваний в птицеводческих хозяйствах.Материалы и методы. Для дифференциации вирусов гриппа птиц и парамиксовирусов в патологическом материале, полученном от больной и павшей птицы, применяли 96-луночные планшеты, покрытые раствором фетуина и анти-ВНБ IgY в соответствующих лунках. Полученные данные сопоставляли с результатами, полученными методами полимеразной цепной реакции и титрования на куриных эмбрионах.Результаты. Разработанный метод выявления возбудителей основан на разных принципах связывания вирусов. Вирус гриппа связывается с рецепторным аналогом, а парамиксовирусы – с антителами к вирусу ньюкаслской болезни. Ранее на примере сотен штаммов было показано, что вирус гриппа А разных субтипов связывается с сиалогликозильными остатками сывороточного белка эмбриона коровы – фетуина. В то же время ни один из исследованных при проведении работы изолятов парамиксовирусов не связывался с данным сиалогликопротеином. Для связывания парамиксовирусов использовали иммуноглобулины, выделенные из яичного желтка кур, иммунизированных против ньюкаслской болезни. Связывание проводили на 96-луночных плашках в системе, аналогичной иммуноферментному анализу.Заключение. Разработанный способ выявления вирусов в гомогенатах тканей органов инфицированных кур позволяет за несколько часов идентифицировать и дифференцировать вирусы гриппа птиц и ньюкаслской болезни, что является важным шагом в предотвращении распространения и ликвидации очагов опасных болезней.

Introduction. Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) pose serious threats to poultry health. Both pathogens are highly contagious and, due to their rapid spread, can lead to significant economic losses. Overlapping clinical signs complicate field differentiation of these diseases and delay response measures to isolate affected poultry. Rapid disease detection is critical for ensuring a timely response.Objective. To develop a user-friendly test kit for detection of AIV and paramyxoviruses in organ samples from sick and dead chickens during disease outbreaks in commercial poultry operations.Materials and methods. To differentiate AIV and paramyxoviruses in pathological samples collected from sick and dead birds, 96-well plates coated with fetuin and anti-NDV IgY in designated wells were used. The results obtained were compared with those from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus titration in chicken embryos.Results. The developed method for pathogen detection is based on distinct virus-binding principles: influenza virus binds to a receptor analog, while paramyxoviruses bind to NDV specific antibodies. Previous studies using hundreds of strains have demonstrated that influenza A virus of various subtypes binds to the sialoglycosyl residues of bovine fetal serum protein – fetuin. In contrast, none of the paramyxovirus isolates tested bound to this sialoglycoprotein. For paramyxovirus capture, immunoglobulins isolated from the egg yolks of chickens immunized against NDV were utilized. Binding was performed in 96-well plates using a test-kit analogous to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Conclusion. The developed method enables the identification and differentiation of AIV and NDV in organ tissue homogenates from infected chickens within a few hours, representing a significant step toward preventing the spread and facilitating the eradication of dangerous disease outbreaks.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.