veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-1-13-19veterinary-976Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦREVIEWS | AVIAN DISEASESМежвидовая передача вируса гриппа птиц А(H5N1) млекопитающим: уроки вспышек среди крупного рогатого скота в 2024–2025 гг.Cross-species transmission of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus to mammals: lessons learnt from 2024–2025 outbreaks in cattlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-3167КрасноваЕ. А.KrasnovaE. A.

Краснова Елена Анатольевна, канд. биол. наук, заместитель директора СамНИВИ – филиала ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ

ул. Магнитогорская, 8, г. Самара, 443013

Elena A. Krasnova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Director

ul. Magnitogorskaya, 8, Samara, 443013

krasnovaficvim@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-6287КорогодинаЕ. В.KorogodinaE. V.

Корогодина Елена Владимировна, заместитель руководителя группы СамНИВИ – филиала ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ

ул. Магнитогорская, 8, г. Самара, 443013

Elena V. Korogodina, Deputy Head of Group

ul. Magnitogorskaya, 8, Samara, 443013

ElenaKorogodina@inbox.ruЛунинаД. А.LuninaD. A.

Лунина Дарья Александровна, заместитель руководителя группы СамНИВИ – филиала ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ

ул. Магнитогорская, 8, г. Самара, 443013

Daria A. Lunina, Deputy Head of Group

ul. Magnitogorskaya, 8, Samara, 443013

dalunina91@gmail.comФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ); Самарский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ (СамНИВИ – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ)РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; Samara Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of Federal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation2026180320261511319Copyright © Краснова Е.А., Корогодина Е.В., Лунина Д.А., 20262026Краснова Е.А., Корогодина Е.В., Лунина Д.А.Krasnova E.A., Korogodina E.V., Lunina D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/976

Введение. В 2024–2025 гг. произошла серия вспышек высокопатогенного гриппа птиц А(Н5N1) среди молочного скота. Подобное изменение круга хозяев вируса повышает глобальные риски для животноводства и общественного здравоохранения, что требует усиления систем эпизоотологического мониторинга и контроля.Цель исследования. Анализ эпизоотологических характеристик инфекции молочного скота и других млекопитающих, вызванной вирусом гриппа птиц А(Н5N1) в 2024–2025 гг., а также обобщение принятых мер реагирования и рекомендаций международных организаций.Материалы и методы. Применялись аналитические методы исследований с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Wiley Online Library и материалов международных организаций (FAO, EFSA, WOAH, OFFLU, CDC).Результаты. Вспышки гриппа птиц A(H5N1), обусловленные вирусом клады 2.3.4.4b генотипов B3.13 и D1.1, среди молочного скота в 2024–2025 гг. произо­ шли в результате трех установленных независимых случаев передачи возбудителя из популяции дикой птицы. Инфекция была выявлена на 1078 фермах у крупного рогатого скота в 17 штатах США. Зафиксирована последующая передача вируса домашней птице, диким и домашним животным, включая кошек, и людям (70 человек), в основном работникам ферм и птицефабрик, а также обратная передача возбудителя от коров к птицам. Повсеместное быстрое распространение вируса связано с массовыми перемещениями скота и недостаточностью мер обеспечения биобезопасности. Рекомендовано проводить исследования на грипп А(Н5) при дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний крупного рогатого скота, свиней, домашних и диких животных.Заключение. Эпизоотия гриппа птиц А(H5N1) среди крупного рогатого скота и передача инфекции другим млекопитающим демонстрирует серьезную угрозу для животноводства и общественного здоровья. В ответ на существующие риски необходимо усилить меры биобезопасности и надзор в эпидемиологически важных популяциях животных, учесть опыт других стран и наладить международное сотрудничество для изучения направлений эволюции вируса.

Introduction. In 2024–2025, a number of high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreaks were reported in dairy cattle. Such an expansion of the range of the virus hosts increases global risks for livestock farming and public health, which requires strengthening animal disease monitoring and control systems.Objective. Analysis of the epizootological characteristics of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in dairy cattle and other mammals in 2024–2025, as well as summary of the response measures taken and recommendations of international organizations.Materials and methods. Analytical research methods were used utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Wiley Online Library databases and materials from international organizations (FAO, EFSA, WOAH, OFFLU, CDC).Results. Outbreaks of avian influenza A(H5N1) caused by clade 2.3.4.4b virus of genotypes B3.13 and D1.1 in dairy cattle in 2024–2025 occurred as a result of three confirmed independent cases of the pathogen transmission from wild birds. The infection was detected on 1,078 cattle farms in 17 US states. Subsequent virus transmission to poultry, wild and domestic animals, including cats, as well as to humans (70 people), mainly those working on animal and poultry farms, was reported. Reverse transmission of the pathogen from cows back to birds was documented as well. Rapid and wide spread of the virus is associated with extensive animal movements and insufficient biosafety measures. Influenza A(H5) is recommended for the inclusion in the differential diagnosis for cattle, pigs, domestic and wild animals.Conclusion. Avian influenza A(H5N1) epizootic in cattle and the infection transmission to other mammals pose a serious threat to livestock production and public health. In response to the existing risks, it is necessary to strengthen biosafety measures and surveillance in epidemiologically significant animal populations, incorporate the experience of other countries and establish international cooperation to study the trends of the virus evolution.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.