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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2025-14-4-401-409</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-962</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | AVIAN DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение инфекционного процесса у кур при различных способах заражения вирусом ньюкаслской болезни генотипа VII</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigating the infectious process in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus genotype VII via different routes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6406-9229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вершинина Мария Андреевна, аспирант, специалист лаборатории профилактики болезней птиц, </p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Vershinina, Postgraduate Student, Specialist, Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention, </p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vershinina_ma@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-8594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мороз Наталья Владимировна, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики болезней птиц, </p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Moroz, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention, </p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moroz@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-9940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Сергей Владимирович, канд. вет. наук, начальник отдела профилактики болезней птиц, </p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Frolov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Department for Avian Disease Prevention, </p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frolov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5177-953X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>Dmitry L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгов Дмитрий Львович, канд. вет. наук, заведующий сектором лаборатории профилактики болезней птиц,</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Dolgov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Sector, Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention, </p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курненкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnenkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курненкова Елена Викторовна, канд. вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики болезней птиц,</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kurnenkova, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention, </p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurnenkova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-6179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>Lidia O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербакова Лидия Олеговна, канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidia O. Scherbakova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases,</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scherbakova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>401</fpage><lpage>409</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вершинина М.А., Мороз Н.В., Фролов С.В., Долгов Д.Л., Курненкова Е.В., Щербакова Л.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вершинина М.А., Мороз Н.В., Фролов С.В., Долгов Д.Л., Курненкова Е.В., Щербакова Л.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vershinina M.A., Moroz N.V., Frolov S.V., Dolgov D.L., Kurnenkova E.V., Scherbakova L.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/962">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/962</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ньюкаслская болезнь птиц входит в перечень нотифицируемых болезней и является актуальной проблемой современного птицеводства. К настоящему времени известно о существовании различных генотипов возбудителя, отличающихся друг от друга по вирулентности. Все больший интерес в последние годы вызывает вирус ньюкаслской болезни генотипа VII, который инициирует тяжелую форму болезни среди кур и других видов коммерческой птицы вплоть до 100%-й летальности поголовья.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение инфекционного процесса, а также клинических и патолого-анатомических особенностей ньюкаслской болезни птиц  при экспериментальном заражении кур разными способами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Провели экспериментальное заражение вирусом ньюкаслской болезни генотипа VII 30-суточных цыплят тремя разными способами: интраназально, перорально и внутримышечно. Через 48 ч после инфицирования в каждую группу поместили по 6 интактных цыплят. В течение последующих 10 сут оценивали клиническое состояние зараженной и контактной птицы, собирали и исследовали методом полимеразной цепной реакции ротоглоточные и клоакальные смывы и проводили патолого-анатомическое вскрытие павшей птицы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе поставленного эксперимента было установлено, что изолят NDV/chicken/rus/Saratov/2403-3/22 вызывает гибель птицы в течение 5–7 сут. При внутримышечном заражении болезнь и гибель птицы наступали быстрее, чем при пероральном и интраназальном инфицировании.  В исследованных методом полимеразной цепной реакции образцах ротоглоточных и клоакальных мазков был выявлен геном вируса ньюкаслской болезни. Неспецифические признаки болезни были зафиксированы у всех особей, однако преобладание определенного симптомокомплекса зависело от способа заражения: у птиц, инфицированных внутримышечно и перорально, отмечались ярко выраженные неврологические симптомы; респираторные признаки были характерны при пероральном и интраназальном заражениях. Результаты вскрытия свидетельствуют о том, что специфические патолого-анатомические признаки, характерные для ньюкаслской болезни, развивались после 24 ч с момента начала болезни. У особей, павших ранее, был обнаружен ряд патологических изменений внутренних органов, которые тем не менее не являлись информативными для диагностики ньюкаслской болезни при вскрытии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Штамм вируса ньюкаслской болезни генотипа VII NDV/chicken/rus/Saratov/2403-3/22 является патогенным для кур при экспериментальном инфицировании. Болезнь легко воспроизводится при внутримышечном, интраназальном и пероральном способах заражения и характеризуется молниеносным течением с развитием респираторных и неврологических симптомов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Newcastle disease is a notifiable disease and is a major threat for commercial poultry. There are many known genotypes of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which differ in virulence. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in NDV genotype VII that stems from its prevalence and high pathogenicity  in chickens and other species of commercial poultry, causing severe disease with up to 100% mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Investigation of the infectious process and other clinical and post-mortem signs in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus via different routes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Thirty-day-old chicks were experimentally infected with NDV genotype VII via three different routes: intranasal, oral and intramuscular. Forty eight hours post infection, six intact chickens were introduced in each group. Over the next 10 days, the clinical condition of the infected and contact poultry was assessed. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction. Dead chicks were subjected to post-mortem examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The experiment demonstrated that NDV/chicken/rus/Saratov/2403-3/22 isolate causes poultry mortality within 5–7 days. Intramuscular infection led to faster disease progression and death in poultry compared to oral or intranasal routes. The NDV genome was identified  in samples of oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs tested by polymerase chain reaction. While nonspecific signs of the disease were recorded in all individuals, the predominant clinical presentation varied with the infection route. Pronounced neurological symptoms were observed in birds infected via the intramuscular and oral routes. In contrast, respiratory signs were characteristic of infections via the oral and intranasal routes. The autopsy results indicate that specific pathological signs characteristic of Newcastle disease developed within 24 hours of the disease onset. A number of post-mortem lesions were found in the internal organs of individuals that died early. However, these lesions were not informative for a diagnosis of Newcastle disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The Newcastle disease virus NDV/chicken/rus/Saratov/2403-3/22 strain (genotype VII) was pathogenic to chickens during experimental infection. The disease was easily reproduced by intramuscular, intranasal, and oral routes of infection and was characterized by a peracute course with respiratory and neurological symptoms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ньюкаслская болезнь птиц</kwd><kwd>инфекционный процесс</kwd><kwd>Orthoavulavirus javaense</kwd><kwd>Paramyxoviridae</kwd><kwd>генотип VII</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Newcastle disease</kwd><kwd>infectious process</kwd><kwd>Orthoavulavirus javaense</kwd><kwd>Paramyxoviridae</kwd><kwd>genotype VII</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках научно-исследовательских работ по теме «Ветеринарное благополучие». Авторы выражают благодарность Д. В. Варвашенко, специалисту лаборатории эпизоотологии и мониторинга, за рекомендации по совершенствованию исследования; И. Н. Андросову, руководителю экспериментально-биологической лаборатории по работе с животными (Виварный комплекс), за предоставление пространства для исследования, а также сотрудникам референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed at the expense of the Federal Centre for Animal Health in the framework of scientific research on the topic “Veterinary welfare”. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to D. V. Varvashenko, specialist of the Laboratory for Epizootology and Monitoring for recommendations on the study improvements; I. N. Androsov, Head of the Experimental Biological Laboratory (Animal Facility) for providing space for studies and to the staff of the Reference Laboratory of Avian Viral Diseases.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassanzadeh M., Abedi M., Bashashati M., Yousefi A. R., Abdoshah M., Mirzaie S. Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII-mismatched vaccines in SPF chickens: A challenge efficacy study. Veterinary and Animal Science. 2024; 24:100348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassanzadeh M., Abedi M., Bashashati M., Yousefi A. R., Abdoshah M., Mirzaie S. Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII-mismatched vaccines in SPF chickens: A challenge efficacy study. 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