veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2025-14-3-294-301veterinary-945Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯORIGINAL ARTICLES | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGYВидовое разнообразие микроорганизмов и распространение антибиотикорезистентных энтеробактерий на молочных фермахMicrobial species diversity and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spread on dairy farmshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-0276ЗубареваВ. Д.ZubarevaV. D.

Зубарева Владлена Дмитриевна - младший научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Vladlena D. Zubareva - Junior Researcher, Department of Animal Genomics and Selection, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

zzub97@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-5001БезбородоваН. А.BezborodovaN. A.

Безбородова Наталья Александровна - канд. вет. наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом геномных исследований и селекции животных ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Natalia A. Bezborodova - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Senior Researcher, Head of Department of Animal Genomics and Selection, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

n-bezborodova@mail.ruАминеваП. Г.AminevaP. G.

Аминева Полина Геннадьевна - врач-микробиолог, заведующий лабораторией ООО «Кволити Мед».

ул. Машинная, 1, Екатеринбург, 620142

Polina G. Amineva - Microbiologist, Head of Laboratory, Quality Med LLC.

1 Mashinnaya str., Ekaterinburg 620142

pga@qualitymed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-3030КривоноговаА. С.KrivonogovaA. S.

Кривоногова Анна Сергеевна - д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела ветеринарно-лабораторной диагностики с испытательной лабораторией, ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Anna S. Krivonogova - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Resercher, Department of Veterinary and Laboratory Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

tel-89826512934@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4090СоколоваО. В.SokolovaO. V.

Соколова Ольга Васильевна - д-р вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных, руководитель Уральского научно-исследовательского ветеринарного института – структурного подразделения ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Olga V. Sokolova - Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Department of Animal Genomics and Selection, Head of Ural Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

nauka_sokolova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-3545ШкуратоваИ. А.ShkuratovaI. A.

Шкуратова Ирина Алексеевна - д-р вет. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, главный научный сотрудник отдела экологии и незаразной патологии животных, ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Irina A. Shkuratova - Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher, Department of Ecology and Animals’ Noncontagious Pathology, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

shkuratova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-5627ИсаковаМ. Н.IsakovaM. N.

Исакова Мария Николаевна - канд. вет. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела репродуктивной биологии и неонатологии ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН.

ул. Белинского, 112а, Екатеринбург, 620142

Maria N. Isakova - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Senior Researcher, Department of Reproductive Biology and Neonatology, Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

tmarya105@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» (ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН)РоссияUral Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationООО «Кволити Мед»РоссияQuality Med LLCRussian Federation202517092025143294301Copyright © Зубарева В.Д., Безбородова Н.А., Аминева П.Г., Кривоногова А.С., Соколова О.В., Шкуратова И.А., Исакова М.Н., 20252025Зубарева В.Д., Безбородова Н.А., Аминева П.Г., Кривоногова А.С., Соколова О.В., Шкуратова И.А., Исакова М.Н.Zubareva V.D., Bezborodova N.A., Amineva P.G., Krivonogova A.S., Sokolova O.V., Shkuratova I.A., Isakova M.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/945Введение

Введение. Бактериальные сообщества существенно влияют на общую производительность сельскохозяйственных предприятий, от них зависит здоровье животных, производство молока, качество и безопасность пищевых продуктов. Зоонозные бактерии не только оказывают негативное воздействие на благополучие животных, но и представляют риск для общественного здравоохранения, поэтому мониторинг видового разнообразия микроорганизмов на молочных фермах для определения преобладающих видов возбудителей и профилей антибиотикорезистентности имеет важное значение.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Изучение видового разнообразия бактериальных сообществ на молочной ферме и мониторинг распространения антибиотикорезистентности у изолятов Escherichia coli и Proteus mirabilis для своевременной разработки мер по сдерживанию распространения устойчивых к антибактериальным препаратам микроорганизмов.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели проводили идентификацию микроорганизмов методом MALDI-ToF масс-спектрометрии и определяли антибиотикочувствительность выделенных культур с помощью диско-диффузионного метода.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлено видовое разнообразие микроорганизмов, выделенных из проб экссудата c поверхности ран конечностей крупного рогатого скота, фекалий и образцов корма. Преобладающими микроорганизмами оказались оппортунистические и патогенные Escherichia coli и Proteus mirabilis, для них определены профили антибиотикорезистентности. Один из изолятов Escherichia coli был мультирезистентным, только комбинация амоксициллина и клавулановой кислоты проявила эффективность в подавлении роста данной культуры. Большая доля изолятов Proteus mirabilis обладала устойчивостью к препаратам из группы фторхинолонов и чувствительностью ко всем остальным исследованным антибактериальным средствам.

Заключение

Заключение. Отмечены факторы, влияющие на видовое разнообразие микроорганизмов в раневом экссудате, фекалиях и кормах. Определение профилей антибиотикорезистентности энтеробактерий позволит провести ротацию антибактериальных препаратов в исследованных животноводческих организациях.

Introduction

Introduction. Bacterial communities significantly affect the overall productivity of agricultural establishments, as animal health, milk production, and food quality and safety depend on them. Zoonotic bacteria not only have a negative impact on animal health, but also pose a risk to public health, so monitoring of the microbial species diversity on dairy farms to determine the predominant pathogen species and antibiotic resistance profiles is essential.

Objective

Objective. Study of bacterial species diversity on a dairy farm and monitoring of antibiotic resistance spread in Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis isolates in order to enable timely development of measures containing the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, microorganisms were identified by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated cultures was determined using the disc diffusion test.

Results

Results. The species diversity of microorganisms isolated from samples of cattle limb wound exudates, feces, and feed was established. Opportunistic and pathogenic Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis turned out to be the predominant microorganisms, and their antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. One of the Escherichia coli isolates was found to be multi-resistant; only a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid proved effective in inhibiting the growth of this culture. A large proportion of Proteus mirabilis isolates were resistant to drugs included in the group of fluoroquinolones and sensitive to all other tested antibacterial agents.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The factors influencing the microbial species diversity in wound exudate, feces and feed were reported. Determination of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotic resistance profiles will allow for the rotation of antibacterial drugs on the studied livestock farms.

микробные сообществаантибиотикорезистентностьвидовое разнообразие бактерийкрупный рогатый скотпатогены окружающей средыmicrobial communitiesantibiotic resistancebacterial species diversitycattleenvironmental pathogensРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России по теме 0532-2021-0004 «Разработка методологических подходов к мониторингу, контролю и сдерживанию антибиотикорезистентности оппортунистических микроорганизмов в животноводстве».The study was conducted under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project 0532-2021-0004) “Development of methodological approaches for monitoring, controlling, and containing antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic microorganisms in livestock production”.ReferencesPerdomo A., Calle A. Assessment of microbial communities in a dairy farm from a food safety perspective. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.