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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2025-14-1-101-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | GENERAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ инсектицидной устойчивости к пиретроидам, фосфорорганическим соединениям и карбаматам у Musca domestica L. методом ПЦР-ПДРФ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PCR-RFLP analysis of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates in Musca domestica L.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-4754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельничук</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichuk</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельничук Анастасия Дмитриевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии насекомых</p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Melnichuk, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melnichukad1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-3706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крестоношина</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krestonoshina</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крестоношина Ксения Сергеевна, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии и  биотехнологии насекомых</p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya S. Krestonoshina, Head of Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krutko.k.s@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-873X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кинарейкина</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kinareikina</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кинарейкина Анна Григорьевна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии насекомых</p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Kinareikina, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kinareickina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-5207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслакова</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslakova</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маслакова Ксения Юрьевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и  биотехнологии насекомых</p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya Yu. Maslakova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.y.maslakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янгирова</surname><given-names>Л. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yangirova</surname><given-names>L. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янгирова Лиана Януровна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии насекомых</p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liana Ya. Yangirova, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lianayangirova137@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-8509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силиванова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silivanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силиванова Елена Анатольевна, канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и  биотехнологии насекомых </p><p>ул. Институтская, 2, г. Тюмень, 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Silivanova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p><p>2 Institutskaya str., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sylivanovaea@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт ветеринарной энтомологии и арахнологии – филиал ФГБУН Федерального исследовательского центра Тюменского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российский академии наук (ВНИИВЭА – филиал ТюмНЦ СО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology – Branch of Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельничук А.Д., Крестоношина К.С., Кинарейкина А.Г., Маслакова К.Ю., Янгирова Л.Я., Силиванова Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельничук А.Д., Крестоношина К.С., Кинарейкина А.Г., Маслакова К.Ю., Янгирова Л.Я., Силиванова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnichuk A.D., Krestonoshina K.S., Kinareikina A.G., Maslakova K.Y., Yangirova L.Y., Silivanova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/899">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/899</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Значимым фактором в распространении заболеваний животных являются зоофильные мухи, контроль численности которых осложняется проблемой инсектицидной резистентности, актуальной для ветеринарии и медицины во всем мире. Для мониторинга и диагностики устойчивости к инсектицидам в популяциях насекомых все большее применение находят молекулярные методы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценка распространения основных мутаций, ассоциированных с резистентностью к пиретроидам, фосфорорганическим соединениям и карбаматам, в трех природных популяциях Musca domesticaL., собранных в 2021–2023 гг. в животноводческих помещениях Тюменской области.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методом полимеразной цепной реакции с анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов выполнено генотипирование генов CYP, vssc и ace-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлена одна мутация в гене vssc (L1014F), связанная с устойчивостью к пиретроидам, и две мутации в гене ace-2 (G342A, G342V), обеспечивающие резистентность к фосфорорганическим соединениям и карбаматам. Резистентный аллель L1014F присутствовал у 40–70% исследованных особей всех трех популяций с частотой 30–55%. Аллель G342A обнаружен у 10 и 60% особей двух популяций с частотой 5 и 30% соответственно. Аллель G342V выявлен у 40% особей только одной популяции с частотой 25%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о потенциале формирования устойчивости к пиретроидам, фосфорорганическим соединениям и карбаматам в исследованных популяциях Musca domestica, что необходимо учитывать при выборе средств для дезинсекции животноводческих помещений и защиты животных от насекомых. Дальнейшие молекулярные исследования Musca domestica из граничащих с Тюменской областью регионов будут полезны для выработки стратегии по сдерживанию распространения резистентных аллелей в локальных популяциях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Zoophilic flies play a significant role in animal disease transmission, and insecticide resistance being a relevant veterinary issue globally is an obstacle to effective fly population control. Molecular methods are more commonly used to monitor and diagnose insecticide resistance in insect populations.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The study aims to assess distribution of the main mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds and carbamates in three natural populations of Musca domestica L. collected in 2021–2023 in livestock facilities of the Tyumen Oblast.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Genotyping of CYP, vssc and ace-2 genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. One mutation in the vssc gene (L1014F) associated with resistance to pyrethroids and two mutations in the ace-2 gene (G342A, G342V) conferring resistance to organophosphorus compounds and carbamates were found. The resistant allele L1014F was present in 40–70% of the tested insects of all three populations with 30–55% frequency. The G342A allele was found in 10 and 60% of insects from two populations with frequencies of 5 and 30%, respectively. The G342V allele was detected in 40% insects of only one population with a frequency of 25%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the potential for conferring resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds and carbamates in the studied populations of Musca domestica, which should be taken into account when selecting disinsectants for livestock-keeping facilities and protecting animals from insects. Further molecular tests of Musca domestica flies from the regions bordering the Tyumen Oblast will be useful for developing a strategy to contain spread of resistant alleles in local populations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комнатная муха</kwd><kwd>инсектициды</kwd><kwd>инсектицидная резистентность</kwd><kwd>маркеры устойчивости</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>house flies</kwd><kwd>insecticides</kwd><kwd>insecticide resistance</kwd><kwd>resistance markers</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в  рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и  высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № FWRZ-2022-0022).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the Federal Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Topic No. FWRZ-2022-0022).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Домацкий В. 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