veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2025-14-1-90-100veterinary-898Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫREVIEWS | GENERAL ISSUESНаночастицы металлов, наночастицы серебра и их влияние на организм человека и животных (обзор литературы)Metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and their impact on human and animal health (review)https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5219-728XСумароковаА. Д.SumarokovaA. D.

Сумарокова Анастасия Дмитриевна, аспирант

ул. Добролюбова, 160, г. Новосибирск, 630039

Anastasia D. Sumarokova, Postgraduate Student

160 Dobrolyubova str., Novosibirsk 630039

stasaaan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0276-3960СтацевичЛ. Н.StatsevichL. N.

Стацевич Людмила Николаевна, канд. биол. наук, доцент

ул. Добролюбова, 160, г. Новосибирск, 630039

Lyudmila N. Statsevich, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

160 Dobrolyubova str., Novosibirsk 630039

lydmilastas0@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет» (ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский ГАУ)РоссияNovosibirsk State Agricultural UniversityRussian Federation20252203202514190100Copyright © Сумарокова А.Д., Стацевич Л.Н., 20252025Сумарокова А.Д., Стацевич Л.Н.Sumarokova A.D., Statsevich L.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/898Введение

Введение. В связи с ростом числа заболеваний различной этиологии и развитием антибиотикорезистентности в последние несколько лет возросла значимость такого достижения человечества, как наноматериалы. Cравнительно небольшое количество данных (недостаток данных) о биораспределении, фармакокинетике, а также потенциальной токсичности нанометаллов для организма замедляет разработку более безопасных и эффективных лекарственных средств.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Анализ и обобщение данных современной научной литературы, посвященной изучению наночастиц металлов и наночастиц серебра, их распределения и влияния на организм человека и животных, а также по применению в сфере биомедицины и ветеринарии.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Поиск источников производился в системах eLIBRARY.RU, cyberleninka.ru, scholar.google.ru, www.mdpi.com, www.researchgate. net, www.sciencedirect.com, базе данных PubMed. Использовалась литература, опубликованная за последние 6 лет, и более ранние исследования.

Результаты

Результаты. Наноэлементы делят на органические, неорганические и гибридные. Одной из наиболее изученных неорганических наноструктур являются наночастицы металлов. Они находят широкое применение как в инженерии, так и в биомедицине (ветеринарии) в качестве бактерицидного и вирулицидного агента, средств для борьбы с раком, а также в сфере диагностики. На территории СНГ популярными нанометаллами являются наночастицы серебра. Известно, что на антибактериальную активность нанообъектов влияют их форма, размер и поверхностный заряд. Сейчас на фармацевтическом рынке существует несколько видов препаратов серебра, представленные в различных формах: коллоидное (катионное), кластерное и нульвалентное (металлическое) серебро. Препараты нульвалентного серебра наименее токсичные по сравнению с остальными. Лекарства на основе наноразмерных частиц можно вводить оральным, ингаляционным и дермальным способами, а также непосредственно в системный кровоток посредством внутрибрюшинной или внутривенной инъекции. Биораспределение металлических наноструктур зависит от типа частиц, их размера, поверхностного заряда, поверхностного покрытия, связи с белками, а также от путей воздействия, дозы и гидрофобности. Фармакокинетика наночастиц серебра не отличается от распределения наночастиц металлов, при этом наноразмерное серебро способно накапливаться в селезенке, печени, почках и легких, что может вызывать потенциальный токсический эффект.

Заключение

Заключение. Необходимы дальнейшие углубленные исследования биораспределения, совместимости и потенциальной токсичности наночастиц, которые помогут разработать более эффективные и безопасные лекарственные препараты.

Introduction

Introduction. Due to increased prevalence of different diseases and antimicrobial resistance development in recent year, such advancements of the humankind as nanomaterials have gained the significance. A relatively small amount of data (lack of data) on biological distribution, pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of nanometals for the organism hinders the development of safer and more effective drugs.

Objective

Objective. Analysis and summary of data published in modern scientific literature on studies of metal nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, their distribution and impact on human and animal health, as well as their use in biomedicine and veterinary medicine.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Publications were searched for in eLIBRARY.RU, cyberleninka.ru, scholar.google.ru, www.mdpi.com, www.researchgate.net, www.sciencedirect.com, PubMed database. The literature published during last six years and more recent publications have been used.

Results

Results. Nanostructures can be organic, inorganic and hybrid. One of the most studied inorganic materials are metal nanoparticles. They are widely used both in engineering and biomedicine, in particular in veterinary medicine, as bactericidal and virucidal agents, anti-cancer drugs and diagnostic tools. In the CIS members, silver nanoparticles are most commonly used. It is known that shape, size and surface electric charge affect the antibacterial activity of nanostructures. Several types of silver-based drugs are available at the market now: colloidal, silver cluster and zerovalent silver. Zerovalent silver-based drugs are least toxic. Nanoparticle-based drugs can reach target tissues through local administration such as oral, inhalation, subcutaneous administration, and directly into blood flow by intraperitoneal or intravenous injection. Biodistribution of metal nanostructures depends on particle type, their size, surface, interaction with proteins as well as routes of exposure, doses and hydrophobic properties. Pharmacokinetics of silver nanoparticles does not differ from that of metal nanoparticles, furthermore nanosilver does not accumulate in spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs which is potentially toxic.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Further in-depth studies of nanoparticle biodistribution, compatibility and potential toxicity are needed to facilitate the development of more effective and safe therapeutic drugs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.