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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2025-14-1-6-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | AVIAN DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Расширение спектра восприимчивых видов млекопитающих в ходе развития эпизоотической ситуации в мире по гриппу птиц за 2023–2024 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extension of scope of susceptible mammalian species as avian influenza global situation developed in 2023–2024</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-9351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жильцова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiltsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жильцова Милена Владимировна, канд. вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena V. Zhiltsova, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhiltsova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-1146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимова Татьяна Петровна, ведущий ветеринарный врач информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Akimova, Leading Veterinarian, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akimova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-9653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митрофанова Мария Николаевна, канд. вет. наук, научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya N. Mitrofanova, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitrofanova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-4458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семакина</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semakina</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семакина Валентина Петровна, заведующий сектором информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina P. Semakina, Head of Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semakina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выставкина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vystavkina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Выставкина Евгения Сергеевна, ведущий специалист информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya S. Vystavkina, Leading Specialist, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vistavkina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жильцова М.В., Акимова Т.П., Митрофанова М.Н., Семакина В.П., Выставкина Е.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жильцова М.В., Акимова Т.П., Митрофанова М.Н., Семакина В.П., Выставкина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhiltsova M.V., Akimova T.P., Mitrofanova M.N., Semakina V.P., Vystavkina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/887">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/887</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Высокопатогенный грипп птиц в настоящее время требует самого пристального внимания всего международного сообщества. Определение факторов, влияющих на передачу и репликацию вируса гриппа птиц у млекопитающих, а также анализ происходящих эволюционных процессов позволит предположить, какие вирусные линии будут иметь потенциал к преодолению видового барьера и инфицированию нетипичных хозяев, в том числе людей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение эпизоотической ситуации по гриппу птиц среди млекопитающих, описание особенностей эпизоотического процесса при гриппе птиц, ретроспективный анализ вспышек гриппа у нетипичных хозяев.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Работу выполняли в информационно-аналитическом центре Управления ветнадзора при ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (г. Владимир). Сбор сведений осуществляли на основе статистического материала базы данных Всемирной организации здравоохранения животных WAHIS и научных публикаций зарубежных и отечественных авторов. Картографический анализ проводили с помощью географической информационной системы ArcGIS (ESRI, США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. С 2022 по 2024 г. в эпизоотический процесс, вызванный вирусом гриппа подтипа H5N1, были вовлечены млекопитающие различных семейств, у представителей которых ранее болезнь не регистрировали: полорогие, куницеобразные, медвежьи и др. Для эффективного предотвращения распространения заболевания важны строгие меры биобезопасности и актуализация систем оповещения. В ограниченном числе стран (Бангладеш, Доминиканская Республика, Китай, Египет, Индонезия, Лаос, Вьетнам, страны Евросоюза и др.) в качестве профилактической экстренной меры для защиты птиц от гриппа использовали вакцинацию.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Передача вируса высокопатогенного гриппа птиц млекопитающим разных видов, в том числе сельскохозяйственным животным, может дать старт будущей пандемии. Межвидовая передача вируса, регистрируемая в последнее время, указывает на возникновение адаптивных мутаций и представляет собой угрозу здоровью животных, общественному здравоохранению, продовольственной безопасности и биоразнообразию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Highly pathogenic avian influenza currently requires the close attention of the international community. Determining the factors affecting transmission and replication of avian influenza virus in mammals and analysing the evolutionary processes involved will suggest which virus lineages will have the spillover potential and infect non-typical hosts, including humans.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The paper is aimed at studying the avian influenza epidemic situation in mammals, description of the features of the avian influenza epizootic process, retrospective analysis of influenza outbreaks in non-typical hosts.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the Information and Analysis Centre of the Veterinary Surveillance Department of the Federal Centre for Animal Health (Vladimir). The data obtained was based on statistical data from the database of the World Organisation for Animal Health WAHIS and scientific publications of foreign and domestic authors. Cartographic analysis was carried out using ArcGIS geographic information system (ESRI, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The avian influenza virus H5N1 epizootic process in 2022–2024 involved mammalians of various families (Bovidae, Mustelidae, Ursidae etc.) in which the disease had not been previously recorded. Strict biosecurity measures and updated alert systems are of crucial importance to effectively prevent the spread of the disease. In a limited number of countries (Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, EU countries, etc.), vaccination has been used as a preventive and emergency measure to protect birds from influenza.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to mammals of different species, including livestock, may be the start of a future pandemic. The recently recorded virus spillover indicates emergence of adaptive mutations and poses a threat to animal health, public health, food security and biodiversity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>грипп птиц</kwd><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные животные</kwd><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>эпизоотическая ситуация</kwd><kwd>расширение спектра хозяев</kwd><kwd>стратегии контроля</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>avian influenza</kwd><kwd>mammals</kwd><kwd>livestock</kwd><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>epizootic situation</kwd><kwd>extension of host scope</kwd><kwd>control strategies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках тематики научно-исследовательских работ «Сбор и анализ эпизоотологических данных для оценки статусов благополучия субъектов Российской Федерации и страны в целом, в том числе для получения и поддержания статусов в соответствии с требованиями Кодекса наземных животных ВОЗЖ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financedbyFederalCentrefor Animal Health within thescopeof research topics “Collection andanalysisofepizootological dataforassessmentofdisease-freestatusesof the Russian Federation Subjectsandthecountry’sentireterritory, includingforobtainingandmaintainingstatuses in accordance with therequirementsof theWOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 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