veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-4-344-351veterinary-868Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | БОЛЕЗНИ СВИНЕЙORIGINAL ARTICLES | PORCINE DISEASESБалльная система оценки клинических признаков при африканской чуме свинейAfrican swine fever clinical scoring systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-3256ВласовМ. Е.VlasovM. E.

Власов Михаил Евгеньевич, канд. вет. наук, начальник группы

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, 601125, Петушинский р-н, Владимирская обл.

Mikhail E. Vlasov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Group

bldg. 1, Akademika Bakulova str., Volginsky 601125, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia

vlasovmikhail1993@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-9333БалышевВ. М.BalyshevV. M.

алышев Владимир Михайлович, д-р вет. наук, профессор, руководитель государственной коллекции микроорганизмов

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, 601125, Петушинский р-н, Владимирская обл.

Vladimir M. Balyshev, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Head of the State Collection of Microorganisms

bldg. 1, Akademika Bakulova str., Volginsky 601125, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia

balyshevvm@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8300-5234СередаA. Д.SeredaA. D.

Середа Алексей Дмитриевич, д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, 601125, Петушинский р-н, Владимирская обл.

Alexey D. Sereda, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher

bldg. 1, Akademika Bakulova str., Volginsky 601125, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia

sereda-56@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation202414122024134344351Copyright © Власов М.Е., Балышев В.М., Середа A.Д., 20242024Власов М.Е., Балышев В.М., Середа A.Д.Vlasov M.E., Balyshev V.M., Sereda A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/868

Африканская чума свиней (АЧС) – это геморрагическая вирусная болезнь, которая вызывает серьезные санитарные и экономические последствия из-за высокого уровня смертности животных, карантинных мероприятий и ограничений международной торговли продукцией свиноводства. Вирус АЧС поражает исключительно домашних и диких свиней семейства Suidae всех пород и возрастных групп. До настоящего времени безопасные и эффективные средства специфической защиты против АЧС не разработаны, но в последние годы достигнут определенный прогресс в исследованиях по разработке вакцин первого поколения на основе модифицированного живого вируса, которые ограниченно использовали в некоторых странах Юго-Восточной Азии. Расширение их применения сдерживается в том числе из-за отсутствия международных и государственных рекомендаций (требований) по оценке чистоты, активности, безопасности и эффективности кандидатных вакцин против АЧС. Клинические признаки болезни являются одним из основных показателей безопасности и эффективности кандидатных вакцин против АЧС на основе модифицированного живого вируса. Целью данного исследования являлась разработка системы балльной оценки клинических признаков, пригодной для использования при характеристике вновь выделенных изолятов вируса АЧС, вызывающих различные формы течения болезни, а также при определении безопасности и эффективности кандидатных вакцин, изготовленных на основе модифицированного живого вируса. Предложено учитывать 7 преобладающих клинических признаков: повышение температуры тела, снижение активности, снижение аппетита, поражение кожных покровов, поражение суставов, нарушение дыхания, поражение центральной нервной системы, – каждый из которых оценивается от 0 до 3 или 4 баллов. В результате исследования двенадцати штаммов вируса АЧС различной вирулентности установлено, что при острой и подострой формах АЧС максимальные суммы баллов клинических признаков составляли от 13 до 22, при хронической форме – от 6 до 18, при субклинической – от 0 до 8.

African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic viral disease that brings serious implications for animal health and economy due to high mortality rate, quarantine measures and restrictions on international trade in pig products. Only domestic and wild species of the Suidae family of all breeds and ages are susceptible to infection with ASF virus. To date, no safe and effective ASF vaccines have been developed, but in recent years some progress has been made in development of ASF modified live virus first-generation vaccine candidates, which have been used only in some countries of Southeast Asia. The expansion of their use is hindered, among other things, due to the lack of international and state recommendations (requirements) for the evaluation of purity, activity, safety and effectiveness of ASF vaccine candidates. Clinical signs of the disease are one of the main indicators of safety and effectiveness of ASF modified live virus vaccine candidates. The purpose of this work was to develop a clinical symptom-based scoring system to be used for characterizing of newly recovered ASFV isolates causing various forms of the disease, as well as for the determination of safety and effectiveness of ASF modified live virus vaccine candidates. It is proposed to take into account 7 major clinical manifestations: an increase in body temperature, reduced liveliness, loss of appetite, skin lesions, joint swelling, laboured breathing, neurological disorders, each scored from 0 to 3 or 4. The study of twelve ASFV strains of various virulence revealed that acute and subacute ASF produce the maximum clinical scores ranged from 13 to 22, chronic form gives 6–18 points, subclinical form is scored 0–8.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.