veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-4-314-321veterinary-864Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯREVIEWS | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGYИспользование процедуры трансплантации фекальной микробиоты в ветеринарии (обзор)Using fecal microbiota transplantation for animal health (review)https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7884-0041ДроботГ. Ю.DrobotH. Yu.

Дробот Георгий Юрьевич, аспирант, преподаватель, лаборант кафедры биоинженерии 

пл. Гагарина, д. 1, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Heorhii Yu. Drobot, Postgraduate Student, Lecturer, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Bioengineering

1 Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia

georgijdrobot@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-7588ШебекоС. К.ShebekoS. K.

Шебеко Сергей Константинович, д-р фарм. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биотехнических и медицинских систем и технологий 

пл. Гагарина, д. 1, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

ergei K. Shebeko, Dr. Sci. (Pharmacology), Professor, Head of Department of Biotechnical and Medical Systems and Technologies

1 Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia

shebeko_sk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-3989ЕрмаковA. М.ErmakovA. M.

Ермаков Алексей Михайлович, д-р биол. наук, профессор, декан факультета биоинженерии и ветеринарной медицины

пл. Гагарина, д. 1, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000

Alexey M. Ermakov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine

1 Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia

amermakov@ya.ruФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»РоссияDon State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202413122024134314321Copyright © Дробот Г.Ю., Шебеко С.К., Ермаков A.М., 20242024Дробот Г.Ю., Шебеко С.К., Ермаков A.М.Drobot H.Y., Shebeko S.K., Ermakov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/864

Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты представляет собой процедуру, при которой фекалии здорового донора вводятся в кишечник реципиента для восстановления микробного баланса и укрепления иммунной защиты. Главным образом трансплантация фекальной микробиоты обеспечивает увеличение бактериального разнообразия и повышение численности полезных микроорганизмов, что позволяет стабилизировать и поддерживать здоровый микробиом, ингибирующий рост патогенов. В ветеринарии трансплантация фекальной микробиоты рассматривается как потенциальная альтернатива традиционным антибиотикам в условиях нарастающей антибиотикорезистентности. Несмотря на отсутствие единых протоколов, исследования показывают, что процедура трансплантации фекальной микробиоты в ветеринарии может применяться для широкого спектра задач: от профилактики заболеваний до иммуномодуляции. Данная обзорная статья посвящена аспектам применения трансплантации фекальной микробиоты на разных видах животных. Согласно анализу научной литературы, большинство работ по данной теме описывают использование трансплантации фекальной микробиоты в качестве терапевтического средства против такого распространенного патологического состояния в ветеринарии, как диарея. Также интересно, что методика успешно применялась для лечения атопического дерматита у собак и мониторинга возрастных изменений у рыб, что подтверждает универсальность данной процедуры. Есть исследования, в которых трансплантация фекальной микробиоты проявляет эффективность частично или не проявляет вовсе. Научные данные свидетельствуют о том, что результативность трансплантации фекальной микробиоты зависит от таких факторов, как способ введения фекального материала и выбор донора, причем первый аспект может по-разному влиять на эффективность терапии в зависимости от вида исследуемого животного. Влияние второго фактора на успешность проведения трансплантации наиболее полно изучено для телят. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования механизмов воздействия трансплантации фекальной микробиоты на разных животных и разработка стандартов, которые могли бы обеспечить широкое и безопасное применение методики в ветеринарии.

Fecal microbiota transplantation is a procedure when fecal matter from a healthy donor is administered into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to restore microbial balance and strengthen immune responses. Mainly, fecal microbiota transplantation increases bacterial diversity and facilitates a growth in beneficial microorganisms. Thus, the procedure makes it possible to stabilize and maintain a healthy gut microbiome that inhibits the pathogen growth. In veterinary medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation is considered as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics amid rising antibiotic resistance. Despite the lack of commonly accepted procedures, studies show that the fecal microbiota transplantation for the purposes of veterinary medicine can be used for a wide range of tasks: starting from disease prevention to immunomodulation. This review is devoted to the use of fecal microbiota transplantation for different animal species. An analysis of scientific literature suggests that most researches into the topic describe the use of fecal microbiota transplantation as a method to treat diarrhea, which is a common disorder in animals. Interestingly, the technique has been successfully used to treat canine atopic dermatitis and monitor age-related changes in fish, thus, confirming the universal nature of this procedure. There are research projects when fecal microbiota transplantation demonstrated only partial effectiveness or no effectiveness at all. Scientific evidence suggests that the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation depends on the delivery route and the donor, and the first factor may have a different impact on the therapy effectiveness depending on the animal species under study. The impact of the second factor on the success of transplantation has been most widely studied for calves. Further research is needed into effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on different animals and standards need to be developed to support large-scale and safe use of the technique for animals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.