veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-4-307-313veterinary-863Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯREVIEWS | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGYАктуальные патогенные виды листерии животных и птиц (обзор)Currently important pathogenic Listeria species affecting animals and birds (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-927XШастинП. Н.ShastinP. N.

Шастин Павел Николаевич, канд. вет. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики и контроля антибиотикорезистентности возбудителей  наиболее клинически значимых инфекционных болезней животных 

Рязанский проспект, 24/1, г. Москва

Pavel N. Shastin, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Diagnostics and Control of Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens of the Most Clinically Significant Infectious Animal Diseases 

24/1 Ryazansky Prospekt, Moscow 109428

shastin.pasha@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии имени К. И. Скрябина и Я. Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Scientific Centre VIEVRussian Federation202413122024134307313Copyright © Шастин П.Н., 20242024Шастин П.Н.Shastin P.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/863

Листериоз является одним из наиболее тяжело протекающих заболеваний пищеварительного тракта вовсем мире. Листерии поражают различные группы животных и птиц. Возбудитель выявлен в мясе, молоке, рыбе и рыбопродуктах. Отмечается сезонность заболевания в весенний и осенний периоды. Достоверно установлено, что бактерия Listeria monocytogenes свободно обитает в окружающей среде. Listeria monocytogenes является факультативным внутриклеточным патогеном, заражение которым у животных и людей приводит к инвазивному заболеванию, передающемуся фекально-оральным путем от животного к человеку, от матери к плоду. Патогенез листериозной инфекции хорошо изучен. Желудочно-кишечный тракт является местом транзита и распространения патогенных листерий. Инкубационный период листериозной инфекции длится 20–30 дней у животных и людей. Клиническое течение у различных видов животных, и в том числе птиц, имеет ряд особенностей. Листерии успешно преодолевают кишечный, плацентарный, гематоэнцефалический барьеры. При листериозе отмечается энцефалит, менингит, гастрит, менингоэнцефалит, маститы, аборты, эндометриты и др. Патогенные виды листерий обладают гемолитической активностью, которая отсутствует у непатогенных видов (исключение – Listeria seeligeri). В обзоре представлена актуальная информация о классификации листерий, факторах патогенности Listeria monocytogenes как основного патогена, механизмах протекания листериозной инфекции у различных видов животных.

Listeriosis is one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases in the world. Listeria affect different groups of animals and birds. The pathogen has been detected in meat, milk, fish and fish products. The disease shows spring and autumn seasonality. It has been reliably established that Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous  in the environment. Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen. Infection with Listeria monocytogenes causes an invasive disease in animals and humans, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route from an animal to a human, from a mother to a fetus. The pathogenesis of Listeria infection has been well studied. The gastrointestinal tract is the site of the pathogenic Listeria species transit and spread. The infection incubation period is 20–30 days in animals and humans. The clinical course in different animal species, including birds, has a number of specific features. Listeria can cross the intestinal, placental and blood-brain barriers. The manifestations of listeriosis include encephalitis, meningitis, gastritis, meningoencephalitis, mastitis, abortions, endometritis, etc. Pathogenic Listeria species show hemolytic activity which non-pathogenic species (except Listeria seeligeri) lack. The review presents the up-to-date information on the classification of Listeria, the pathogenicity factors of Listeria monocytogenes as the major pathogen, the mechanisms of Listeria infection development in different animal species.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.