<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-3-282-291</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | GENERAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ситуационный анализ по болезням свиней:  общая оценка рисков и приоритизация эпизоотических  угроз для систем биозащиты свиноводческих предприятий  в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Situational analysis on porcine diseases: general risk assessment  and prioritization of epizootic threats to biosecurity systems  of pig establishments in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-5799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганесян Андрей Серожович - канд. вет. наук, заведующий сектором информационно-аналитического центра </p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Oganesyan - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oganesyan@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-0109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шибаев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shibayev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шибаев Михаил Александрович - канд. вет. наук, заведующий сектором информационно-аналитического центра </p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Shibayev - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shibaev@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-1929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Ольга Николаевна - канд. биол. наук, заместитель заведующего сектором информационно-аналитического центра </p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Petrova - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Head of the Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p> Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баскакова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskakova</surname><given-names>N. Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баскакова Наталья Евгеньевна - ведущий специалист информационно-аналитического центра </p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Natalia  Ye.  Baskakova - Leading Specialist, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baskakova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-5762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караулов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaulov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караулов Антон Константинович - канд. вет. наук, советник</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnton К. Karaulov - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Advisor</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karaulov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>282</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганесян А.С., Шибаев М.А., Петрова О.Н., Баскакова Н.Е., Караулов А.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганесян А.С., Шибаев М.А., Петрова О.Н., Баскакова Н.Е., Караулов А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganesyan A.S., Shibayev M.A., Petrova O.N., Baskakova N.Y., Karaulov A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/850">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/850</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты ситуационного анализа по болезням свиней в Российской Федерации и экспертной оценки, в которой приоритизирован список значимых для промышленного свиноводства страны патогенов. Использованный способ оценки экспертного мнения в ситуационном анализе позволяет быстро реализовать и интерпретировать ситуацию, выделяя приоритеты по болезням для дальнейшего обсуждения. Произведенные расчеты показали достаточный уровень согласованности мнений экспертов (коэффициент конкордации W = 0,61), а расчетный критерий согласия Пирсона χ2 = 51,33 (≥ 21,02607) указывал на то, что конкордация не случайная и результаты могут использоваться в дальнейших исследованиях. Обсуждены особенности эпизоотологии возбудителей африканской чумы свиней, классической чумы свиней, репродуктивно-респираторного синдрома свиней, способные повлиять на эффективность систем биозащиты свиноводческих предприятий, а также дальнейшие пути по улучшению мер управления биозащитой. Совокупный риск для промышленного свиноводства в Российской Федерации со стороны внешних источников в настоящей ситуации охарактеризован как перманентно высокий, требующий поддержания мер управления рисками на свиноводческих предприятиях как администрацией, так и государственной ветеринарной службой. Меры биозащиты для противодействия внешним угрозам рекомендовано акцентировать на таких заболеваниях, как африканская чума свиней (вес λ = 0,52), репродуктивно-респираторный синдром свиней (λ = 0,071), классическая чума свиней (λ = 0,068) и эмерджентных для Российской Федерации инфекциях (λ = 0,05) соответственно полученному весу по итогам экспертной оценки. Остальным значимым для свиноводства страны угрозам: энзоотическая пневмония свиней, актинобациллезная плевропневмония свиней, болезнь Ауески, стрептококкоз (Streptococcus suis), цирковирусная инфекция свиней, ящур, лептоспироз, трансмиссивный гастроэнтерит свиней, цистицеркоз (λ = 0,02…0,05) – представляется возможным уделить равное внимание в системах биозащиты предприятий. Наличие государственной политики эрадикации африканской чумы свиней, репродуктивно-респираторного синдрома свиней, классической чумы свиней (с основательным изменением существующего официального контроля оборота поголовья, зонирования, качества диагностики и профилактики, внедрения стандартов биозащиты) является наиболее значимым фактором, без которого перспектива искоренения болезней сомнительна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the situational analysis on porcine diseases in the Russian Federation and the expert assessment prioritizing the list of porcine pathogens significant for the pig industry of the country are presented. The method applied to analyse the expert estimates in the situational analysis allows for rapid assessment and interpretation of the situation with identification of priority diseases to be further addressed. The calculations demonstrated the sufficient degree of agreement among the experts (coefficient of concordance W = 0.61), and Pearson’s chi-squared test statistic χ2 = 51.33 (≥ 21.02607) indicated that the concordance is not random and the results can be used in subsequent studies. The specific features of epizootiology of the agents of African swine fever, classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome that can impact the effectiveness of biosecurity systems of pig establishments, as well as further ways for improving biosecurity management measures are discussed. The overall risk for the pig industry in the Russian Federation that is associated with external sources is currently characterized as permanently high, requiring maintaining risk management measures at the pig establishments by both the managerial staff of the establishments and the State Veterinary Service. It is recommended that biosecurity measures against external threats should focus on diseases such as African swine fever (weight λ = 0.52), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (λ = 0.071), classical swine fever (λ = 0.068) and infections considered emerging for the Russian Federation (λ = 0.05) according to the weights based on the expert estimation results. The biosecurity systems of the establishments should equally address other threats significant for the pig industry of the country: swine enzootic pneumonia, porcine pleuropneumonia (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae), Aujeszky’s disease, streptococcosis (Streptococcus suis), porcine circovirus infection, foot-and-mouth disease, leptospirosis, transmissible gastroenteritis, cysticercosis (λ = 0.02…0.05). The improvement of the governmental policy for eradication of African swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, classical swine fever (including the substantial modification of the existing official pig turnover control, zoning, diagnosis and prevention quality, as well as the implementation of biosecurity standards) is the most significant factor, without which the disease eradication perspective is questionable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезни свиней</kwd><kwd>эпизоотическая ситуация</kwd><kwd>свиноводство</kwd><kwd>биозащита</kwd><kwd>ветеринарно-санитарные меры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>porcine diseases</kwd><kwd>epizootic situation</kwd><kwd>pig industry</kwd><kwd>biosecurity</kwd><kwd>veterinary and sanitary measures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках тематики научно-исследовательских работ «Ветеринарное благополучие».  Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» (г. Владимир) за экспертное участие в опросе: К. Н. Груздеву, д-ру биол. наук, профессору,  главному научному сотруднику; Д. А. Бирюченкову, канд. вет. наук, заведующему лабораторией профилактики болезней свиней; А. С. Иголкину, канд.  вет. наук, заведующему референтной лабораторией по африканской чуме свиней, заместителю руководителя лабораторно-диагностического центра.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the Federal Centre for Animal Health within the research topic “Veterinary Welfare”. The authors express their gratitude to the following staff members of the Federal Centre for Animal Health (Vladimir) for expert participation in the survey: K. N. Gruzdev, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher; D. A. Biryuchenkov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Porcine Disease Prevention; A. S. Igolkin, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Deputy Head of Laboratory and Diagnosis Centre.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health, World Bank. Good practicesfor biosecurity in the pig sector – Issues and options in developing and transition countries. FAO Animal Production and Health. Rome; FAO; 2010; No. 169. 79 р. https://www.fao.org/4/i1435e/i1435e00.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health, World Bank. Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector – Issues and options in developing and transition countries. FAO Animal Production and Health. Rome; FAO; 2010; No. 169. 79 р. https://www.fao.org/4/i1435e/i1435e00.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аналитический ежеквартальный, с нарастающим итогом отчет по эпидситуации в стране (по данным Департамента ветеринарии МСХ). Эпизоотическая ситуация в РФ. https://fsvps.gov.ru/jepizooticheskaja-situacija/rossija/analiticheskij-ezhekvartalnyj-s-narastajushhim-itogom-otchet-po-jepidsituacii-v-strane-po-dannym-departamenta-veterinarii-msh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analytical quarterly accrual-basis report on the epidemic situation in the country (based on the data from the Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture). Animal disease situation in the Russian Federation. https://fsvps.gov.ru/jepizooticheskaja-situacija/rossija/analiticheskij-ezhekvartalnyj-s-narastajushhim-itogom-otchet-po-jepidsituacii-v-strane-po-dannym-departamenta-veterinarii-msh (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Organisation for Animal Health. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). https://wahis.woah.org/#/home</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Organisation for Animal Health. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). https://wahis.woah.org/#/home</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kendall M. G., Babington Smith B. The problem of m rankings. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1939; 10 (3): 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177732186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kendall M. G., Babington Smith B. The problem of m rankings. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1939; 10 (3): 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177732186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахов А. Г., Ануфриев А., Ануфриев П. Факторные инфекции свиней. Животноводство России. 2005; (S): 24–27. https://www.elibrary.ru/zjuyyr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakhov A. G., Anufriev A., Anufriev P. Faktornye infektsii svinei = Factor infections of pigs. Animal Husbandry of Russia. 2005; (S): 24–27. https://www.elibrary.ru/zjuyyr (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герунов Т. В., Герунова Л. К., Плешакова В. И., Конев А. В. Оппортунистические инфекции у животных: причины распространения и меры профилактики. Вестник КрасГАУ. 2022; (10): 152–160. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2022-10-152-160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerunov T. V., Gerunova L. K., Pleshakova V. I., Konev A. V. Opportunistic infections in animals: spread causes and preventive measures. Bulliten KrasSAU. 2022; (10): 152–160. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2022-10-152-160 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибгатуллова А. К., Власов М. Е., Пивова Е. Ю., Гузалова А. Г., Балышев В. М. Роль членистоногих гематофагов, грызунов, плотоядных и птиц в распространении АЧС. Ветеринария. 2022; (9): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.9.03-08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibgatullova A. K., Vlasov M. E., Pivova E. Yu., Guzalova A. G., Balyshev V. M. The role of arthropods, hematophagous, rodents, carnivores and birds in the spread of ASF. Veterinariya. 2022; (9): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.9.03-08 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korennoy F. I., Gulenkin V. M., Gogin A. E., Vergne T., Karaulov A. K. Estimating the basic reproductive number for African swine fever using the Ukrainian historical epidemic of 1977. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2017; 64 (6): 1858–1866. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12583</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korennoy F. I., Gulenkin V. M., Gogin A. E., Vergne T., Karaulov A. K. Estimating the basic reproductive number for African swine fever using the Ukrainian historical epidemic of 1977. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2017; 64 (6): 1858–1866. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12583</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gulenkin V. M., Korennoy F. I., Karaulov A. K., Dudnikov S. A. Cartographical analysis of African swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the Russian Federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2011; 102 (3): 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulenkin V. M., Korennoy F. I., Karaulov A. K., Dudnikov S. A. Cartographical analysis of African swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the Russian Federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2011; 102 (3): 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pileri E., Martín-Valls G. E., Díaz I., Allepuz A., Simon-Grifé M., GarcíaSaenz A., et al. Estimation of the transmission parametersforswine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusesin pigsfrom weaning to slaughter under natural conditions. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2017; 138: 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.01.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pileri E., Martín-Valls G. E., Díaz I., Allepuz A., Simon-Grifé M., GarcíaSaenz A., et al. Estimation of the transmission parameters for swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pigs from weaning to slaughter under natural conditions. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2017; 138: 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.01.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pileri E., Mateu E. Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination. Veterinary Research. 2016; 47:108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0391-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pileri E., Mateu E. Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination. Veterinary Research. 2016; 47:108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0391-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose N., Renson P., Andraud M., Paboeuf F., Le Potier M. F., Bourry O. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. Vaccine. 2015; 33 (21): 2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose N., Renson P., Andraud M., Paboeuf F., Le Potier M. F., Bourry O. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) modified-live vaccine reduces virus transmission in experimental conditions. Vaccine. 2015; 33 (21): 2493–2499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pileri E., Gibert E., Soldevila F., García-Saenz A., Pujols J., Diaz I., et al. Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. Veterinary Microbiology. 2015; 175 (1): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pileri E., Gibert E., Soldevila F., García-Saenz A., Pujols J., Diaz I., et al. Vaccination with a genotype 1 modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus significantly reduces viremia, viral shedding and transmission of the virus in a quasi-natural experimental model. Veterinary Microbiology. 2015; 175 (1): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klinkenberg D., de Bree J., Laevens H., de Jong M. C. M. Within- and between-pen transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments. Epidemiology and Infection. 2002; 128 (2): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801006537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinkenberg D., de Bree J., Laevens H., de Jong M. C. M. Within- and between-pen transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments. Epidemiology and Infection. 2002; 128 (2): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801006537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белянин С. А. Динамика распространения и мониторинг эпизоотического процесса африканской чумы свиней в Российской Федерации: автореф. дис. … канд. вет. наук. Покров; 2013. 27 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyanin S. A. African swine fever spread dynamics and epizootic process monitoring in the Russian Federation: Author’s abstract of thesis for degree of Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine). Pokrov; 2013. 27 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon L. K., Stahl K., Jori F., Vial L., Pfeiffer D. U. African swine fever epidemiology and control. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 2020; 8: 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083741</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon L. K., Stahl K., Jori F., Vial L., Pfeiffer D. U. African swine fever epidemiology and control. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 2020; 8: 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083741</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scollo A., Valentini F., Franceschini G., Rusinà A., Calò S., Cappa V., et al. Semi-quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction in pig farms. Frontiersin Veterinary Science. 2023; 10:1017001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1017001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scollo A., Valentini F., Franceschini G., Rusinà A., Calò S., Cappa V., et al. Semi-quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction in pig farms. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023; 10:1017001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1017001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeiffer D. U., Ho H. P. J., Bremang A., Kim Y. Compartmentalisation guidelines – African swine fever. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health; 2021. 148 p. https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/10/asf-compartmentalisationguidelines-en.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfeiffer D. U., Ho H. P. J., Bremang A., Kim Y. Compartmentalisation guidelines – African swine fever. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health; 2021. 148 p. https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/10/asf-compartmentalisationguidelines-en.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blome S., Franzke K., Beer M. African swine fever – A review of current knowledge. Virus Research. 2020; 287:198099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blome S., Franzke K., Beer M. African swine fever – A review of current knowledge. Virus Research. 2020; 287:198099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караулов А. К., Шевцов А. А., Петрова О. Н., Коренной Ф. И., Гуленкин В. М. Эпизоотия АЧС на территории Российской Федерации: прогноз развития ситуации на 2021 год и рекомендации по мерам ее сдерживания. БИО. 2021; (2): 14–21. https://www.elibrary.ru/jqnqdk</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaulov A. K., Shevtsov A. A., Petrova O. N., Korennoy F. I., Gulenkin V. M. Epizootiya AChS na territorii Rossiiskoi Federatsii: prognoz razvitiya situatsii na 2021 god i rekomendatsii po meram ee sderzhivaniya = ASF epizootic in the Russian Federation: situation evolution forecast for 2021 and recommendations on containment measures. BIO. 2021; (2): 14–21. https://www.elibrary.ru/jqnqdk (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышев Р. С., Спрыгин А. В., Иголкин А. С., Жбанова Т. В., Перевозчикова Н. А., Роменская Д. В. и др. Современные подходы к специфической профилактике африканской чумы свиней (обзор). Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2022; 57 (4): 609–627. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.609rus</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyshev R. S., Sprygin A. V., Igolkin A. S., Zhbanova T. V., Perevozchikova N. A., Romenskaya D. V., et al. Current approaches to the vaccine development for African swine fever (review). Agricultural Biology. 2022; 57 (4): 609–627. https://10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.609eng</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alarcón L. V., Allepuz A., Mateu E. Biosecurity in pig farms: a review. PorcineHealthManagement. 2021; 7:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alarcón L. V., Allepuz A., Mateu E. Biosecurity in pig farms: a review. Porcine Health Management. 2021; 7:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viltrop A., Reimus K., Niine T., Mõtus K. Biosecurity levels and farm characteristics of African swine fever outbreak and unaffected farms in Estonia – What can be learned from them? Animals. 2022; 12 (1):68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viltrop A., Reimus K., Niine T., Mõtus K. Biosecurity levels and farm characteristics of African swine fever outbreak and unaffected farms in Estonia – What can be learned from them? Animals. 2022; 12 (1):68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Organisation for Animal Health. GF-TADs – Standing Group of Experts on African Swine Fever in Europe. https://rr-europe.woah.org/en/Projects/gf-tads-europe/standing-groups-of-experts-on-african-swinefever-in-europe</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Organisation for Animal Health. GF-TADs – Standing Group of Experts on African Swine Fever in Europe. https://rr-europe.woah.org/en/Projects/gf-tads-europe/standing-groups-of-experts-on-african-swinefever-in-europe</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шикина М. А. Биобезопасность и экспортный потенциал: взаимосвязь, синергия, эффективность: презентация ГК «Агропромкомплектация». М.; 2020. https://old.fsvps.gov.ru/fsvps-docs/ru/news/files/37752/biosafety.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikina M. A. Biosafety and export potential: interrelation, synergy, effectiveness: presentation of the Agropromkomplektatsiya group of companies. Moscow; 2020. https://old.fsvps.gov.ru/fsvps-docs/ru/news/files/37752/biosafety.pdf (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Organisation for Animal Health. African swine fever: WOAH warns Veterinary Authorities and pig industry of risk from use of sub-standard vaccines. https://www.woah.org/en/african-swine-fever-woah-warnsveterinary-authorities-and-pig-industry-of-risk-from-use-of-sub-standardvaccines%E2%80%AF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Organisation for Animal Health. African swine fever: WOAH warns Veterinary Authorities and pig industry of risk from use of sub-standard vaccines. https://www.woah.org/en/african-swine-fever-woah-warnsveterinary-authorities-and-pig-industry-of-risk-from-use-of-sub-standardvaccines%E2%80%AF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевцов А. А., Караулов А. К., Щербаков А. В., Оганесян А. С., Макаренко И. А. Совершенствование отечественных нормативных требований по надзору и контролю за репродуктивно-респираторным синдромом свиней. Ветеринария. 2022; (4): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.4.03-09</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevtsov A. A., Karaulov A. K., Shcherbakov A. V., Oganesyan A. S., Makarenko I. A. Improving national regulatory requirements for surveillance and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Veterinariya. 2022; (4): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.4.03-09 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Южаков А. Г., Жукова Е. В., Алипер Т. И., Гулюкин А. М. Репродуктивно-респираторный синдром свиней: ситуация в России. Свиноводство. 2022; (5): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.37925/0039-713X-2022-5-32-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuzhakov A. G., Zhukova E. V., Aliper T. I., Gulyukin A. M. Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome: situation in Russia. Pigbreeding. 2022; (5): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.37925/0039-713X-2022-5-32-35 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глазунова А. А., Корогодина Е. В., Севских Т. А., Краснова Е. А., Кукушкин С. А., Блохин А. А. Репродуктивно-респираторный синдром свиней в свиноводческих предприятиях (обзор). Аграрная наука ЕвроСеверо-Востока. 2022; 23 (5): 600–610. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.5.600-610</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glazunova A. А., Korogodina E. V., Sevskikh T. A., Krasnova E. A., Kukushkin S. A., Blokhin A. A. Reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs in pig breeding enterprises (review). Agricultural Science Euro-­North-East. 2022; 23 (5): 600–610. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.5.600-610 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dee S., Deen J., Rossow K., Wiese C., Otake S., Joo H. S., Pijoan C. Mechanicaltransmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during cold weather. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2002; 66 (4): 232–239. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC227010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dee S., Deen J., Rossow K., Wiese C., Otake S., Joo H. S., Pijoan C. Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during cold weather. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2002; 66 (4): 232–239. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC227010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Havas K. A., Makau D. N., Shapovalov S., Tolkova E., VanderWaal K., Tkachyk T., et al. A molecular and epidemiological description of a severe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreak in a commercial swine production system in Russia. Viruses. 2022; 14 (2):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020375</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Havas K. A., Makau D. N., Shapovalov S., Tolkova E., VanderWaal K., Tkachyk T., et al. A molecular and epidemiological description of a severe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreak in a commercial swine production system in Russia. Viruses. 2022; 14 (2):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020375</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raev S., Yuzhakov A., Bulgakov A., Kostina L., Gerasianinov A., Verkhovsky O., et al. An outbreak of a respiratory disorder at a Russian swine farm associated with the co-circulation of PRRSV1 and PRRSV2. Viruses. 2020; 12 (10):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raev S., Yuzhakov A., Bulgakov A., Kostina L., Gerasianinov A., Verkhovsky O., et al. An outbreak of a respiratory disorder at a Russian swine farm associated with the co-circulation of PRRSV1 and PRRSV2. Viruses. 2020; 12 (10):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krasnikov N., Yuzhakov A., Aliper T., Gulyukin A. Metagenomic approach reveals the second subtype of PRRSV-1 in a pathogen spectrum during a clinical outbreak with high mortality in Western Siberia, Russia. Viruses. 2023; 15 (2):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnikov N., Yuzhakov A., Aliper T., Gulyukin A. Metagenomic approach reveals the second subtype of PRRSV-1 in a pathogen spectrum during a clinical outbreak with high mortality in Western Siberia, Russia. Viruses. 2023; 15 (2):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuzhakov A. G., Raev S. A., Shchetinin A. M., Gushchin V. A., Alekseev K. P., Stafford V. V., et al. Full-genome analysis and pathogenicity of a genetically distinct Russian PRRSV-1 Tyu16 strain. VeterinaryMicrobiology. 2020; 247:108784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuzhakov A. G., Raev S. A., Shchetinin A. M., Gushchin V. A., Alekseev K. P., Stafford V. V., et al. Full-genome analysis and pathogenicity of a genetically distinct Russian PRRSV-1 Tyu16 strain. Veterinary Microbiology. 2020; 247:108784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chase-Topping M., Xie J., Pooley C., Trus I., Bonckaert C., Rediger K, et al. New insights about vaccine effectiveness: Impact of attenuated PRRS-strain vaccination on heterologousstrain transmission. Vaccine. 2020; 38 (14): 3050–3061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chase-Topping M., Xie J., Pooley C., Trus I., Bonckaert C., Rediger K, et al. New insights about vaccine effectiveness: Impact of attenuated PRRS-strain vaccination on heterologous strain transmission. Vaccine. 2020; 38 (14): 3050–3061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. In: WOAH. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Chapter 15.3. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/2023/chapitre_prrs.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. In: WOAH. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Chapter 15.3. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/2023/chapitre_prrs.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оганесян А. С., Шевцов А. А., Щербаков А. В., Коренной Ф. И., Караулов А. К. Классическая чума свиней: ретроспективный анализ эпизоотической ситуации в Российской Федерации (2007–2021 гг.) и прогноз на 2022 г. Ветеринария сегодня. 2022; 11 (3): 229–238. https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-3-229-238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oganesyan А. S., Shevtsov А. А., Shcherbakov А. V., Korennoy F. I., Karaulov A. K. Classical swine fever: a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation (2007–2021) and forecast for 2022. Veterinary Science Today. 2022; 11 (3): 229–238. https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-3-229-238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acosta A., Dietze K., Baquero O., Osowski G. V., Imbacuan C., Burbano A., et al. Risk factors and spatiotemporal analysis of classicalswine fever in Ecuador. Viruses. 2023; 15 (2):288. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020288</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acosta A., Dietze K., Baquero O., Osowski G. V., Imbacuan C., Burbano A., et al. Risk factors and spatiotemporal analysis of classical swine fever in Ecuador. Viruses. 2023; 15 (2):288. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020288</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto N., Douangngeun B., Theppangna W., Khounsy S., Phommachanh P., Toribio J. A., et al. Utilising abattoir sero-surveillance for high-impact and zoonotic pig diseasesin Lao PDR. Epidemiology and Infection. 2023; 151:e40. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095026882300016x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumoto N., Douangngeun B., Theppangna W., Khounsy S., Phommachanh P., Toribio J. A., et al. Utilising abattoir sero-surveillance for high-impact and zoonotic pig diseases in Lao PDR. Epidemiology and Infection. 2023; 151:e40. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095026882300016x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алипер Т. И., Алексеев К. П., Шемельков Е. В., Верховский О. А., Забережный А. Д. Перспектива использования маркированных вакцин против классической чумы свиней в Российской Федерации. Научные основы производства и обеспечения качества биологических препаратов: материалы Международной практической конференции, посвященной 100-летию Армавирской биофабрики (Армавир, 20–21 августа 2021 г.). Армавир: ВНИТИБП; 2021; 54–60. https://elibrary.ru/upxsqy</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliper T. I., Alekseev K. P., Shemelkov E. V., Verkhovsky O. A., Zaberezhny A. D. The prospect of using marked vaccines against classical swine fever in the Russian Federation. Nauchnye osnovy proizvodstva i obespecheniya kachestva biologicheskikh preparatov: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 100-letiyu Armavirskoi biofabriki (Armavir, 20–21 avgusta 2021 g.) = Scientific bases for biological product manufacture and quality assurance: proceedings of International Research-to-Practice Conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Armavir Biofactory (Armavir, 20–21 August 2021). Armavir: All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry; 2021; 54–60. https://elibrary.ru/upxsqy (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
