veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-3-203-213veterinary-838Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ КРСREVIEWS | BOVINE DISEASESАльтернативные методы лечения мастита крупного рогатого скота: перспективы и ограничения (обзор)Alternative treatment methods for bovine mastitis: prospects and limitations (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-0276ЗубареваВ. Д.ZubarevaV. D.

Зубарева Владлена Дмитриевна - аспирант, старший специалист отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных 

ул. Белинского, 112а, г. Екатеринбург, 620142

 Vladlena D. Zubareva - Postgraduate Student, Senior Specialist, Department of  Animal Genomics and Selection

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

zzub97@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4090СоколоваО. В.SokolovaO. V.

Соколова Ольга Васильевна - д-р вет. наук, ведущий  научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных, руководитель Уральского научно-исследовательского ветеринарного института – структурного подразделения УрФАНИЦ УрО  РАН

ул. Белинского, 112а, г. Екатеринбург, 620142

 Olga  V.  Sokolova - Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Department of  Animal Genomics and Selection, Head of Ural Scientific Research Veterinary Institute

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

nauka_sokolova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3770БытовМ. В.BytovM. V.

Бытов Максим Владимирович - младший научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных

ул. Белинского, 112а, г. Екатеринбург, 620142

 Maksim  V.  Bytov - Junior Researcher, Department of  Animal Genomics and Selection

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

bytovmaks@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-3030КривоноговаА. С.KrivonogovaA. S.

Кривоногова Анна Сергеевна - д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела ветеринарно-лабораторной диагностики с испытательной лабораториейул. Белинского, 112а, г. Екатеринбург, 620142

 Anna  S.  Krivonogova - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Veterinary and Laboratory Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory 

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

tel-89826512934@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-1010ВольскаяС. В.VolskayaS. V.

Вольская София Витальевна -лаборант-исследователь отдела геномных исследований и  селекции животных 

ул. Белинского, 112а, г. Екатеринбург, 620142

 Sofia V. Volskaya - Laboratory Researcher, Department of Animal Genomics and Selection

112а Belinsky str., Ekaterinburg 620142

ms.eriya@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» (ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН)РоссияUral Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202414092024133203213Copyright © Зубарева В.Д., Соколова О.В., Бытов М.В., Кривоногова А.С., Вольская С.В., 20242024Зубарева В.Д., Соколова О.В., Бытов М.В., Кривоногова А.С., Вольская С.В.Zubareva V.D., Sokolova O.V., Bytov M.V., Krivonogova A.S., Volskaya S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/838

Мастит продолжает оставаться наиболее распространенной проблемой молочного животноводства, несмотря на разрабатываемые профилактические меры и схемы лечения. Антибактериальные препараты являются основным средством терапии при воспалительных заболеваниях молочной железы у животных. Принимая во внимание связанные с антибиотикотерапией риски, такие как снижение эффективности действия препаратов из-за появления резистентных штаммов бактерий, проблема безопасности пищевых продуктов, воздействие на окружающую среду и введение ограничений на применение антибактериальных препаратов в ветеринарной медицине, все большее количество научных исследований обращается к новым терапевтическим средствам, которые могут стать заменой традиционной терапии. Цель настоящего обзора – дать представление о доступных в настоящее время литературных данных по исследованию альтернативных методов профилактики и лечения мастита крупного рогатого скота, не связанных с антибиотиками. В целом существует огромное количество исследований invitro, направленных на исследование новых эффективных и безопасных средств, которые дают многообещающие результаты. В данном обзоре описаны такие средства, как пробиотики, бактериоцины, бактериофаги, фаговые ферменты (эндолизины), наночастицы, растительные экстракты, эфирные масла и иммунобиологические средства (вакцины). Рассмотрены механизмы их действия, понимание которых позволит рекомендовать наилучший вариант лечения мастита в каждом конкретном случае. Данные методы терапии потенциально могут сократить использование антибиотиков и повысить продуктивность животных, однако требуется больше исследований invivo, чтобы доказать эффективность их применения непосредственно в условиях сельскохозяйственных организаций.

Mastitis remains the most common problem of dairy industry despite the preventive measures and treatment schemes being developed. Antibacterial drugs remain first line agents for therapy of the mammary gland inflammatory diseases in animals. Taking into account the risks associated with antibiotic therapy, such as decreased drug effectiveness due to occurrence of bacterial resistant strains, food safety issues, environmental impact and restrictions on the use of antibacterial drugs in veterinary medicine, an increasing number of scientific studies are addressing new therapeutic agents that can serve as an alternative to conventional therapy. The aim of this review is to give an idea of currently available literature data on alternative methods for the prevention and treatment of mastitis in cattle that are not associated with antibiotics. In general, a significant number of in vitro studies aimed at finding new effective and safe drugs are yielding promising results. This review describes the following alternative remedies: probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phage enzymes (endolysins), nanoparticles, plant extracts, essential oils and immunobiological agents (vaccines). Understanding the mechanisms of their action will allow recommending the best treatment option for mastitis in each specific case. These treatment methods can potentially reduce use of antibiotics and increase animal productivity, however more in vivo studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of antibiotics used directly in the conditions of farm settings.

обзормаститальтернативные методы леченияпробиотикибактериоциныбактериофагиэндолизинынаночастицыэкстракты травэфирные маслаиммунобиологическая профилактикаreviewmastitisalternative treatmentsprobioticsbacteriocinsbacteriophagesendolysinsnanoparticlesherbal extractsessential oilsimmunobiological preventionИсследование выполнено за счет бюджетных средств в рамках выполнения государственного задания № 0532-2021-0004 «Разработка методологических подходов к мониторингу, контролю и сдерживанию антибиотикорезистентности оппортунистических микроорганизмов в животноводстве»The study was financed from the budget under the governmental programme No. 0532-2021-0004 “Development of methodological approaches to monitoring, control and containment of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic microorganisms in animal husbandry”.ReferencesEl-Sayed A., Awad W., Abdou N. E., Castañeda Vázquez H. Molecular biological tools applied for identification of mastitis causing pathogens. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.