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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-2-118-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ КРС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | BOVINE DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема норовирусной инфекции животных (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of norovirus infection in animals (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3751-2168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мищенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mischenko</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мищенко Владимир Александрович, д-р вет. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биотехнологий и конструирования вирусных препаратов</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Mischenko, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory for Biotechnologies and Viral Product Construction</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mishenko@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-6337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мищенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mischenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мищенко Алексей Владимирович, д-р вет. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Рязанский проспект, 24/1, г. Москва, 109428 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Mischenko, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Chief Researcher </p><p>24/1 Ryazansky Prospekt, Moscow 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viev@admin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-5915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никешина</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikeshina</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никешина Татьяна Борисовна, канд. биол. наук, заведующий сектором отдела образования и научной информации</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana B. Nikeshina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of Sector, Education and Scientific Support Department</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikeshina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-1929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Ольга Николаевна, канд. биол. наук, заместитель заведующего сектором информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Petrova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Head of the Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5314-3918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бровко</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brovko</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бровко Юлия Владимировна, аспирант, ветеринарный врач Тульской испытательной лаборатории</p><p>ул. Некрасова, 1а, г. Тула, 300045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Brovko, Postgraduate Student, Veterinarian, Tula Testing Laboratory</p><p>1а Nekrasovа str., Tula 300045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brovko@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2021-7656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлубаева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlubaeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кушлубаева Альфия Исрафиловна, аспирант, руководитель Татарской испытательной лаборатории</p><p>ул. Родины, 25а/3, г. Казань, 420087, Республика Татарстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alfiya I. Kushlubaeva, Postgraduate Student, Head of Tatarian Testing Laboratory</p><p>5а/3 Rodiny str., Kazan 420087, Republic of Tatarstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulushbaeva@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии имени К. И. Скрябина и Я. Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук» (ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Centre VIEV</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский филиал ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (Тульский филиал ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula Branch of Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский филиал ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (Татарский филиал ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatarian Branch of Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мищенко В.А., Мищенко А.В., Никешина Т.Б., Петрова О.Н., Бровко Ю.В., Кушлубаева А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мищенко В.А., Мищенко А.В., Никешина Т.Б., Петрова О.Н., Бровко Ю.В., Кушлубаева А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mischenko V.А., Mischenko A.V., Nikeshina T.B., Petrova O.N., Brovko Y.V., Kushlubaeva A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/809">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/809</self-uri><abstract><p>Основой повышения эффективности животноводства является сохранность молодняка, главным образом в ранний постнатальный период. Ведущее место среди болезней молодняка занимают инфекционные гастроэнтериты новорожденных животных, которые проявляются диареей и приводят к производственным и экономическим потерям. Причиной массовых нарушений функции органов пищеварения являются физиологические, санитарно-гигиенические, инфекционные и другие факторы. Данная патология регистрируется у 50–80% новорожденных телят, во многих случаях отмечается гибель от 15 до 55% больных животных. При установлении этиологии массовых диарей в пробах фекалий телят выявляли рота-, корона-, парво-, энтеровирусы и возбудители вирусной диареи – болезни слизистых. Для профилактики вирусных диарей крупного рогатого скота в Российской Федерации были разработаны инактивированные вакцины. Несмотря на их высокую антигенную активность и полевую эффективность, в ряде крупных животноводческих хозяйств были зарегистрированы случаи массовых диарей новорожденных телят. В пробах фекалий, отобранных от отдельных больных животных, наряду с возбудителями указанных инфекций методом электронной микроскопии выявлялись норовирусы. Возбудитель норовирусной инфекции был обнаружен в пробах фекалий человека, крупного рогатого скота, свиней, овец, собак, кошек, мышей, а также в свинине и молоке. Геном норовируса подвержен мутациям, что приводит к антигенному сдвигу и рекомбинациям, а также возникновению и быстрому распространению новых эпидемических и эпизоотических вариантов возбудителя. Эпизоотологическими особенностями норовирусной инфекции являются: длительное выделение возбудителя из организма больных животных и животных-вирусоносителей, реализация различных путей передачи (фекально-орального, контактного) и высокая контагиозность. В конце XX и в начале XXI века в Российскую Федерацию из разных стран, в том числе и из неблагополучных по норовирусной инфекции, было завезено большое количество крупного рогатого скота молочных и мясных пород. Все это свидетельствует о необходимости учета норовирусов и других патогенов (небовирусов, торовирусов, астровирусов, кобувирусов) при выяснении этиологии массовых случаев диарей новорожденных телят, а также разработки средств и методов диагностики и мер борьбы с норовирусной инфекцией животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Livestock industry efficiency strongly depends on the livability of young animals, mainly during the early postnatal period. Infectious gastroenteritis of newborns manifested as diarrhea occupies the leading place among the diseases of young animals and brings the production and economic losses. The cause of numerous gastrointestinal disorders are physiological, hygienic, infectious and other factors. This pathology is reported in 50–80% of newborn calves, while 15–55% of diseased animals die. The investigations of the etiology of numerous diarrhea cases revealed rota-, corona-, parvo-, enteroviruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus in fecal samples from calves. Inactivated vaccines have been developed in the Russian Federation to prevent viral diarrhea in cattle. Despite their high antigenicity and field effectiveness, numerous cases of diarrhea in newborn calves have been reported in a number of large livestock farms. In fecal samples collected from diseased individuals, noroviruses along with the above-mentioned viruses were detected by electron microscopy. The noroviruses were detected in fecal samples from humans, cattle, pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, mice, as well as in pork and milk samples. The norovirus genome is prone to mutations, resulting in antigenic shifts and recombination, as well as the emergence and rapid spread of new epidemic and epizootic variants. Epidemiological features of norovirus infection include: prolonged shedding of the virus by the diseased animals and carriers, various transmission routes (fecal-oral, contact) and high contagiousness. In late 20th and early 21st century a large number of dairy and meat cattle were imported to the Russian Federation from various countries, including norovirus-infected countries. All this suggests the need to take noroviruses and other viruses (neboviruses, toroviruses, astroviruses, kobuviruses) into account when investigating the etiology of numerous diarrhea cases in newborn calves and necessitates the development of norovirus diagnostic tools and methods, as well as control measures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>норовирусы</kwd><kwd>Caliciviridae</kwd><kwd>диарея</kwd><kwd>телята</kwd><kwd>свиньи</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd><kwd>геногруппы</kwd><kwd>зооноз</kwd><kwd>фекально-оральный путь заражения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>noroviruses</kwd><kwd>Caliciviridae</kwd><kwd>diarrhea</kwd><kwd>calves</kwd><kwd>pigs</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd><kwd>genogroups</kwd><kwd>zoonosis</kwd><kwd>fecal-oral transmission</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Актуальные инфекционные болезни крупного рогатого скота: руководство. 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