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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2024-13-1-27-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-787</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ КРС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | BOVINE DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиология и эпизоотология мастита коров (аналитический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiology and epizootology of bovine mastitis (analytical review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7681-3286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Анна Андреевна, аспирант, ветеринарный врач лаборатории профилактики бактериальных болезней</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Andreeva, Postgraduate Student, Veterinarian, Laboratory for Bacterial Disease Prevention</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreeva_aan@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-6976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евграфова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evgrafova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евграфова Валерия Андреевна, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики бактериальных болезней</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria A. Evgrafova, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Bacterial Disease Prevention</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgrafova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-004X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Маргарита Сергеевна, канд. вет. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики бактериальных болезней</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Voronina, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Bacterial Disease Prevention</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-7339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прунтова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pruntova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прунтова Ольга Владиславовна, д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Pruntova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pruntova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-1269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадрова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадрова Наталья Борисовна, канд. биол. наук, заведующий отделом микробиологических исследований</p><p>мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya B. Shadrova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of Department for Microbiological Testing</p><p>Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shadrova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреева А.А., Евграфова В.А., Воронина М.С., Прунтова О.В., Шадрова Н.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева А.А., Евграфова В.А., Воронина М.С., Прунтова О.В., Шадрова Н.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva A.A., Evgrafova V.A., Voronina M.S., Pruntova O.V., Shadrova N.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/787">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/787</self-uri><abstract><p>Мастит является одним из самых распространенных заболеваний молочного скота во всем мире, при разовом обследовании стада выявляется у 5–36% животных, а в течение года заболеваемость достигает 68%, при условии что некоторые коровы переболевают два раза и более. В Российской Федерации, как и во всем мире, болезнь наносит значительный экономический ущерб молочному животноводству. Мастит – это воспаление молочной железы, которое развивается в ответ на воздействие различных факторов внешней и внутренней среды, которые классифицируют как механические, физические, биологические и другие. На основании клинических симптомов заболевание можно разделить на две формы: клиническую и субклиническую. Для установления диагноза необходимо проведение всестороннего обследования как животного, так и молока. Завершающим этапом при диагностике мастита коров является выполнение лабораторных исследований, в данном случае преимущество по информативности отдается бактериологическому методу, с помощью которого удается выделить чистую культуру возбудителя, провести его идентификацию и определить чувствительность к антимикробным препаратам. Последнее играет особую роль для определения вектора дальнейших лечебных мероприятий, поскольку полученная информация позволяет подобрать эффективный антибиотик против конкретного возбудителя. Неправильный выбор, несоблюдение предписанного курса лечения, а также нецелесообразное применение противомикробных средств может привести к генерации мультирезистентных бактерий. Вследствие широкого распространения антибиотикорезистентных штаммов микроорганизмов, несмотря на большое количество используемых в настоящее время препаратов, их эффективность постоянно снижается. Перспективы дальнейшего использования антибиотиков в качестве лекарственных средств многие исследователи и международные организации ставят под сомнение из-за быстро развивающейся к ним резистентности у многих возбудителей. Вакцинопрофилактика занимает значительное место в борьбе с инфекционными болезнями. Применение вакцин позволяет не только снизить количество маститов у коров, но и значительно улучшает качество получаемой молочной продукции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mastitis is one of the most common global diseases of dairy cattle, it is detected in 5–36% animals in a herd undergoing a single examination, and the incidence reaches 68% within a year, given that some cows get reinfected more than once. The disease causes significant economic losses to dairy industry both in the Russian Federation and globally. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that develops in response to the effects of various factors of the external and internal environment, which are classified as mechanical, physical, biological, etc. Based on the clinical symptoms, the disease has two forms: clinical and subclinical. Both the animal and its milk shall be subjected to a thorough examination for the diagnosis establishment. The final stage of the mastitis diagnosis in cows is laboratory testing. In this case, the most informative is the bacteriological method, which helps to isolate a pathogen’s pure culture, identify it and determine sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. The latter plays a specific role in indicating the direction of further therapeutic measures, since the obtained data facilitate selection of effective antibiotics against certain pathogens. Incorrect treatment, incompliances with the prescribed therapy, as well as unnecessary use of antimicrobials can lead to the generation of multi-resistant bacteria. Due to the widespread spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganism strains, despite the large number of drugs currently used, their effectiveness is constantly decreasing. The prospects for the further use of antibiotics as therapeutics are questioned by many researchers and international organizations due to antibiotic resistance rapidly developing in many agents. Vaccination plays a significant role in infectious disease control. The use of vaccines not only reduces mastitis occurrence in cows, but also significantly improves the quality of dairy products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>мастит коров</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>эпизоотология</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>bovine mastitis</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>epizootology</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование финансировалось Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации для реализации задач Федеральной научно-технической программы развития генетических технологий на 2019–2030 гг. (номер соглашения 075-15-2021-1054).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies in 2019–2030 (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1054).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bar D., Tauer L. W., Bennett G., González R. N., Hertl J. A., Schukken Y. H., et al. The cost of generic clinical mastitis in dairy cows as estimated by using dynamic programming. Journal of Dairy Science. 2008; 91 (6): 2205–2214. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bar D., Tauer L. W., Bennett G., González R. N., Hertl J. A., Schukken Y. H., et al. 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