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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2023-12-4-293-302</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-764</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | AVIAN DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпизоотическая ситуация в мире по гриппу птиц (2019–2022 гг.). Расширение спектра хозяев как проявление эволюции вируса высокопатогенного гриппа птиц</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global avian influenza situation (2019–2022). Host range expansion asevidence of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus evolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-9351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жильцова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiltsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жильцова Милена Владимировна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>600901, г. Владимир, мкр. Юрьевец</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena V. Zhiltsova, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>600901, Vladimir, Yur’evets</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhiltsova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-1146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимова Татьяна Петровна, ведущий ветеринарный врач информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Akimova, Leading Veterinarian, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akimova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-1083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варкентин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varkentin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варкентин Андрей Владимирович, кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий сектором информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Varkentin, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">varkentin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-9653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митрофанова Мария Николаевна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, младший научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya N. Mitrofanova, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Junior Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitrofanova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-2004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазнева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazneva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазнева Анастасия Владимировна, аспирант</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Mazneva, Postgraduate Student</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.mazneva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-4458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семакина</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semakina</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семакина Валентина Петровна, заведующий сектором информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina P. Semakina, Head of Sector, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semakina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выставкина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vystavkina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Выставкина Евгения Сергеевна, ведущий специалист информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya S. Vystavkina, Leading Specialist, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vistavkina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>302</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жильцова М.В., Акимова Т.П., Варкентин А.В., Митрофанова М.Н., Мазнева А.В., Семакина В.П., Выставкина Е.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жильцова М.В., Акимова Т.П., Варкентин А.В., Митрофанова М.Н., Мазнева А.В., Семакина В.П., Выставкина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhiltsova M.V., Akimova T.P., Varkentin A.V., Mitrofanova M.N., Mazneva A.V., Semakina V.P., Vystavkina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/764">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/764</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокопатогенный грипп птиц оказывает значительное негативное влияние на птицеводство, международную торговлю и здоровье популяций диких птиц, вследствие чего данная инфекция требует самого пристального внимания всего международного сообщества. В статье рассмотрены эволюционные и эпизоотические процессы, наблюдаемые в последние годы при возникновении вспышек гриппа птиц во многих странах мира, описаны пути распространения инфекции, превалентность типов вируса в течение нескольких лет, а также вопросы расширения спектра восприимчивых животных, в том числе среди представителей класса Mammalia. Показано изменение соотношения типов вируса с 2020 г., когда подавляющее количество обнаруженных вспышек заболевания приходилось на вирус гриппа подтипа H5N8, до 2022 г., когда было выявлено явное преобладание подтипа H5N1. Отмечено заметное расширение ареала заболевания в Центральной и Южной Америке, влияние миграционных, антропогенных и иных факторов на распространение гриппа. Указаны предпосылки к формированию очагов инфекции с участием млекопитающих: как диких, так и сельскохозяйственных, зоопарковых и животных-компаньонов. Случаи инфицирования млекопитающих на Северо-Американском континенте и в Евразии на территориях зоопарков, природных парков, в домохозяйствах и на зверофермах, как правило, совпадают по времени со вспышками инфекции в популяции водоплавающих птиц. Проведен анализ данных WAHIS и показана высокая способность вируса передаваться от птиц в популяцию млекопитающих, таких как куньи (норки, выдры, хорьки, барсуки), кошачьи (домашние кошки, пумы, леопарды, рыси), ластоногие (обыкновенные тюлени, длинномордые тюлени), медведи (бурые, гризли, американские черные), афалины, скунсы, лисы, опоссумы, еноты. Изменение ареалов обитания как перелетных птиц, так и млекопитающих, в том числе вследствие особенностей хозяйственной деятельности человека, добавляет эколого-урбанистическую составляющую к сложному вопросу борьбы с распространением и предотвращением возникновения эпизоотии, представляющей угрозу в том числе и для человека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High pathogenicity avian inﬂuenza has a signiﬁcant negative impact on poultry farming, international trade and health of wild bird populations, therefore the infection requires the utmost attention of the entire international community. The article investigates the evolutionary and epidemic processes observed in recent years in many countries of the world where avian inﬂuenza outbreaks occur; describes the ways of the infection spread; the prevalence of the virus types for the last several years, as well as the expansion of the host range, including among representatives of the Mammalia class. The change in the ratio between the virus types starting from 2020, when H5N8 subtype was responsible for the overwhelming number of the disease outbreaks reported, until 2022, when an obvious predominance of H5N1 subtype was detected is demonstrated. A noticeable expansion of the disease-aﬀected areas in Central and South America, the inﬂuence of migration, anthropogenic and other factors on inﬂuenza spread are highlighted. The conditions facilitating the occurrence of the infection outbreaks aﬀecting mammals, wild animals and livestock, zoo and companion animals are described. Cases of mammals’ infection on the North American and Eurasian continents in zoos, nature parks, backyards and fur farms, asa rule, coincide in time with the infection outbreaks in waterfowl populations. The WAHIS data were analyzed and the high ability of the virus to spillover from birds to mammals, such as martens (minks, otters, ferrets, badgers), cats (domestic cats, cougars, leopards, lynxes), pinnipeds (common seals, grey seals), bears (brown, grizzly, American black), bottlenose dolphins, skunks, foxes, opossums, raccoons was demonstrated. Changes in the habitats of both migratory birds and mammals, including due to some human economic activities, add an ecological and urban component to the complex task of the control and prevention of the epidemic, also posing a potential threat to humans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>грипп птиц</kwd><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>эпизоотическая ситуация</kwd><kwd>расширение спектра хозяев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>avian influenza</kwd><kwd>mammals</kwd><kwd>disease situation</kwd><kwd>expansion of the host range</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания по теме «Сбор и анализ эпизоотологических данных для оценки статусов благополучия субъектов Российской Федерации и страны в целом, в том числе для получения и поддержания статусов в соответствии с требованиями Кодекса наземных животных МЭБ».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the governmental task “Collection and analysis of epidemiological data to evaluate the animal disease freedom statuses of the Russian Federation Subjects and the whole country, including for the purposes of gaining and maintenance of statuses pursuant to the WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г. 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