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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2023-12-3-208-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-740</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | AVIAN DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета на патогенез инфекционной бурсальной болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of innate and induced immunity on infectious bursal disease pathogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-9105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семина</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semina</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семина Анна Николаевна, кандидат ветеринарныхнаук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом диагностики и эпизоотологического анализа </p><p> г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Semina, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Head of Department of Diagnostics and Epizootological Analysis</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna14.05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт птицеводства – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский&#13;
и технологический институт птицеводства» РАН (ВНИВИП)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science – Branch of the FSBSI FSC “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of RAS (ARRVIPS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семина А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семина А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semina A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/740">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/740</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекционная бурсальная болезнь вызывается небольшим безоболочечным вирусом, обладающим высокой устойчивостью во внешней среде. Вирус инфекционной бурсальной болезни воздействует на иммунную систему кур всесторонне и комплексно, разрушая В-лимфоциты, привлекая Т-клетки и активируя макрофаги. Как РНК-содержащий вирус, возбудитель характеризуется высокой частотой мутаций, что приводит к появлению штаммов с измененной антигенностью или повышенной вирулентностью. Молекулярная основа патогенности вируса и точная причина клинического заболевания и смерти до сих пор плохо изучены, так как это не имеет четкой связи с тяжестью поражений и степенью повреждения фабрициевой сумки. Однако последние исследования указали на роль усиления врожденного иммунного ответа на ранней стадии инфекции с повышенной продукцией промедиаторов, которые вызывают цитокиновый шторм. В случае инфекционной бурсальной болезни иммунодепрессия является как прямым следствием инфицирования специфических иммунных клеток-мишеней, так и косвенным следствием взаимодействий, происходящих в иммунной сети организма птицы. Инфицирование высоковирулентным штаммом и заражение цыплят в раннем возрасте после переболевания или субклинической инфекции приводит к иммуносупрессии с более серьезными последствиями. Хотя иммунодепрессия, вызванная возбудителем инфекционной бурсальной болезни, в основном направлена на B-лимфоциты, также было продемонстрировано влияние на клеточно-опосредованный иммунитет, что усиливает воздействие вируса на иммунокомпетентность цыплят. Недавний прогресс в области иммунологии птиц позволил лучше узнать иммунологические механизмы, участвующие в развитии заболевания. В данном обзоре основное внимание уделяется роли врожденного иммунитета в патогенезе инфекционной бурсальной болезни, так как он служит первой линией защиты на пути репликации вируса и может определить исход заболевания. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is induced by a small non-enveloped virus, which is highly stable in the outer environment. The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) affects chicken’s immune system in a comprehensive and integrated manner thus destructing B-lymphocytes, attracting T-cells and activating macrophages. Being the RNA-virus, the agent is specified by high frequency of mutations, which result in the emergence of the strains with modified antigenicity and increased virulence. The molecular basis for the virus pathogenicity and exact cause of the clinical disease and death are still understudied as they are not clearly associated with the disease severity and degree of bursa of Fabricius lesions. Recent studies, however, demonstrated the role of the enhanced immune response at early stage of the infection along with increased production of cytokine storm-inducing promediators. In case of IBD, the immunosuppression is both direct consequence of specific target-cell infection and indirect consequence of the interactions occurring in the bird’s immune network. Infection with highly virulent virus strain or chicks’ infection at early age after recovery or subclinical infection results in immunosuppression with more severe consequences. Since immunosuppression induced by IBD agent is targeted mostly at B-lymphocytes, effect on the cell-mediated immunity was also demonstrated and it enhances the virus pressure on the immunocompetence of the chicks. The recent progress in avian immunology allowed for better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in the disease development. This review focuses on the role of the innate immunity in IBD pathogenesis as it is the first line of protection against the virus replication and can predetermine the disease outcome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>вирус инфекционной бурсальной болезни</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>цыплята</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>infectious bursal disease virus</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>chicks</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahgoub H. A. An overview of infectious bursal disease. Arch. Virol. 2012; 157 (11): 2047–2057. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1377-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahgoub H. A. An overview of infectious bursal disease. Arch. Virol. 2012; 157 (11): 2047–2057. 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