veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2023-12-3-190-196veterinary-738Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | ЯЩУРREVIEWS | FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASEОбнаружение антител к неструктурным белкам вируса ящура (обзор)Detection of antibodies to non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-9110ЯковлеваА. С.YakovlevaA. S.

Яковлева Анастасия Сергеевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории по особо опасным болезням

г.  Владимир

Anastasia S. Yakovleva, Candidate of Science (Biology), Senior Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Highly Dangerous Diseases

 Vladimir

yakovleva_as@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-4201ЩербаковА. В.ScherbakovA. V.

Щербаков Алексей Владимирович, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий референтной лабораторией по особо опасным болезням

г. Владимир

Aleksey V. Scherbakov, Candidate of Science (Biology),Head of Reference Laboratory for highly dangerous diseases

 Vladimir

ascherbakov@arriah.ruФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)РоссияFGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)Russian Federation202320092023123190196Copyright © Яковлева А.С., Щербаков А.В., 20232023Яковлева А.С., Щербаков А.В.Yakovleva A.S., Scherbakov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/738

Ящур – высококонтагиозное вирусное заболевание парнокопытных животных, способное вызывать эпизоотии и наносить большой экономический ущерб. Болезнь остается огромной проблемой в развивающихся странах и представляет постоянную угрозу для развитых стран. Важным инструментом контроля заболевания является обнаружение антител к неструктурным белкам вируса ящура в крови восприимчивых животных. Это единственный способ, позволяющий достоверно дифференцировать вакцинированных животных от переболевших и вирусоносителей. Для выявления антител к неструктурным протеинам вируса ящура разработаны различные модификации твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. В качестве антигена в них используются рекомбинантные неструктурные белки вируса ящура, чаще всего 3АВС или 3АВ. За короткий срок иммуноферментный анализ с использованием рекомбинантных антигенов вируса ящура прошел путь от внутрилабораторного метода до общедоступных коммерческих тест-систем, большинство из которых обладают высокой диагностической специфичностью и чувствительностью. Данный метод широко применяется в надзоре за ящуром. В странах или зонах, благополучных по ящуру без вакцинации, иммуноферментный анализ, основанный на обнаружении антител к неструктурным белкам вируса ящура, применяется как основной метод серологического мониторинга и ретроспективной диагностики заболевания. В благополучных по ящуру странах и зонах с вакцинацией этот метод используется для доказательства отсутствия вирусной инфекции в вакцинированных стадах. В Южной Америке при эрадикации заболевания иммуноферментный анализ, основанный на обнаружении антител к неструктурным белкам вируса ящура, применялся для выявления инфицированных животных, а в настоящее время этот метод используется для мониторинга циркуляции возбудителя в еще неблагополучных по заболеванию странах Азии и Африки, реализующих программу прогрессивного контроля за ящуром. В России, как стране с зонами вакцинации против ящура, данный метод является обязательным инструментом надзора за заболеванием. Обзор составлен на основе анализа 65 источников. 

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) isa highlycontagiousviraldiseaseof cloven-hoovedanimals that can causeepidemicsandgreateconomic losses. Thedisease remains a huge problem in developing countries and poses a constant threat to developed countries. Detection of antibodies to FMD virus non-structural proteins in thebloodof susceptibleanimals isan important tool for thediseasecontrol. This is theonly way for reliabledifferentiation of vaccinatedanimals fromconvalescentandvirus-carrieranimals. Variousmodificationsof solid-phaseenzymeimmunosorbentassay (ELISA) havebeen developedfordetection of antibodies toFMD virus nonstructuralproteins. RecombinantFMD virus non-structuralproteins, mostly 3АВС or 3АВ, areusedasan antigen for such assay. In ashort time, recombinant FMD virusantigen-basedELISA hasevolvedfrom an in-houselaboratory methodtocommonlyavailablecommercial test systems, mostof which have high diagnostic specificityandsensitivity. Thesaid methodis widelyusedforFMD surveillance. In thecountriesandzones freefrom FMD withoutvaccination theELISA fordetection ofantibodiesagainstFMD virus non-structuralproteinsisusedasaprimarymethodforFMD serologicalmonitoring andretrospectivediagnosis. In thecountriesandzones freefromFMD with vaccination thisELISA isusedforconfirmation of thevirus infection absencein vaccinated herds. In South America, ELISA fordetection ofantibodiesagainstFMD virus non-structuralproteins wasusedfordetection of infectedanimalsduring thediseaseeradication. Currently, it isusedfor monitoringfor thevirus circulation in stillFMD infected Asian and African countries implementingprogressive FMD controlprogramme. In Russia havingzones where anti-FMD vaccination is carriedout this methodis a mandatory tool of thedisease surveillance. The review isbasedon theanalysisof 65 publications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.