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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-3-194-202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | GENERAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оспа обезьян и другие ортопоксвирусные зоонозы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus zoonoses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздев</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdev</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Груздев Константин Николаевич, доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>г. Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Gruzdev, Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gruzdev@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBI “FederalCentrefor Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Груздев К.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Груздев К.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gruzdev K.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/651">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/651</self-uri><abstract><p>В представленной работе освещено текущее состояние знаний, касающихся биологии инфекции, эпидемиологии и эволюции вируса оспы обезьян (MPXV), оспы коров (CPXV), оспы буйволов (BPXV), оспы верблюдов (CMLPV), а также некоторые факторы, которые модулируют динамику передачи ортопоксвируса, проявление ортопоксвирусных инфекций и их сохранение в природе. Несмотря на ликвидацию исторически печально известной натуральной оспы, ортопоксвирусы остаются серьезной проблемой ветеринарии и здравоохранения. Их роль в настоящее время возрастает на фоне увеличения количества людей, которые не имеют иммунитета против натуральной оспы. Наряду с этим наблюдается генетическая трансформация возбудителей, что становится причиной роста рисков поражения человека ортопоксвирусами зоонозной природы. Наибольший интерес представляет проблема оспы обезьян, оспы коров, оспы буйволов и оспы верблюдов, возбудители которых входят в род зоонозных ортопоксвирусов. На фоне учащения проявления случаев заболевания человека оспой обезьян в 2020–2022 гг. ретроспективный анализ последних 20 лет показывает, что активность очагов оспы обезьян в XXI в. возрастала в государствах Центральной Африки. Также активизировались очаги оспы коров в Европе, оспы верблюдов в Юго-Западной и Центральной Азии. В 2011 г. в Индии вирус оспы верблюдов преодолел межвидовой барьер и вызвал клиническую оспоподобную форму заболевания у человека. Подобные факты тревожат ученых, так как геном вируса оспы верблюдов на 99% гомологичен геному вируса натуральной оспы. Это требует усиления эпизоотологического и эпидемиологического мониторинга за возбудителями ортопоксвирусных зоонозов</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper highlights the current knowledge on infection biology, epidemiology and evolution of monkeypox virus (MPXV), cowpox virus (CPXV), buffalopox virus (CPXV), camelpox virus (CMLPV), as well as addresses some factors that modulate dynamics of orthopoxvirus transmission, manifestation of orthopoxvirus infections and their preservation in nature. Despite the elimination of the historically infamous smallpox, orthopoxviruses remain a serious veterinary and health problem. Their role is currently increasing while the number of persons not immune to smallpox grows. Along with this, there is a genetic transformation of pathogens. In this regard, the risks of human infection with orthopoxviruses of zoonotic nature are increasing. The problem of monkeypox, cowpox, buffalopox and camelpox and the respective agents included in the genus of zoonotic orthopox viruses presents the greatest interest. Along with the increased number of human monkeypox cases in 2020–2022, a retrospective analysis of the last 20 years shows that the activity of monkeypox outbreaks in the XXI century intensified in Central African countries. Cowpox outbreaks in Europe and camelpox outbreaks in Southwestern and Central Asia have also become more active. In 2011, in India, the camelpox virus overcame the interspecies barrier and caused a clinical pox-like disease in humans. Scientists are alarmed by these facts as the camelpox virus genomeis 99% homologous to the genome of the small poxvirus. This requires strengthening the epizootological and epidemiological monitoring of orthopoxvirus zoonotic pathogens.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>оспа обезьян</kwd><kwd>оспа коров</kwd><kwd>оспа буйволов</kwd><kwd>оспа верблюдов</kwd><kwd>ортопоксвирусы</kwd><kwd>зоонозы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>monkeypox</kwd><kwd>cowpox</kwd><kwd>buffalopox</kwd><kwd>camelpox</kwd><kwd>orthopoxviruses</kwd><kwd>zoonoses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Z., Gray M., Winter L. Why do poxviruses still matter? Cell Biosci. 2021; 11:96. DOI:10.1186/s13578-021-00610-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Z., Gray M., Winter L. Why do poxviruses still matter? Cell Biosci. 2021; 11:96. 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