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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-2-99-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ СВИНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | PORCINE DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Африканская чума свиней через сто лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>African swine fever: one hundred  years later</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Владимир Владимирович - доктор биологических наук, профессор.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая,  6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Makarov - Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, RUDN University.</p><p>117198, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 6.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvm-39@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>People’s Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/633">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/633</self-uri><abstract><p>В кратком сообщении воздается должное Роберту Юстасу Монтгомери (1880–1932), с именем которого связано открытие африканской чумы свиней. Сто лет назад им опубликован масштабный отчет об исследованиях этого нового особо опасного заболевания,  проведенных в 1900–1917 гг. в Восточной Африке. Установлены и описаны основополагающие положения – этиологическая, иммунологическая и нозологическая самостоятельность данной инфекции, фатальная восприимчивость домашних свиней, клиника и патоморфология, вирусная этиология, природный резервуар и источник заражения,  устойчивость вируса вне организма,  многие частные элементы эпизоотологии. Применительно к текущей ситуации на основании высокой публикационной активности сделано заключение о чрезвычайном  массиве разносторонних исследований по африканской чуме свиней. GAP-анализ (анализ пробелов, Gap analysis), выполненный большим коллективом европейских ученых и специалистов, позволил определить наиболее проблемные вопросы: дикие кабаны, выживание  после африканской чумы свиней и трансмиссия, биобезопасность  и надзор.  Помимо отмеченных  в этих выводах и рекомендациях, серьезные пробелы существуют в иммунологии африканской чумы свиней, в частности, относительно механизмов  протективного иммунитета, взаимодействия вирус – макрофаг, фенотипических признаков вируса in vitro, коррелирующих  с вирулентностью, и другие. Очевидно, что без решения этих вопросов вряд ли возможно рассчитывать на получение вакцин против африканской чумы свиней и особенно на их профилактическую и противоэпизоотическую эффективность в общепринятом понимании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This brief report pays tribute to Robert Eustace Montgomery (1880–1932) whose name is associated with the discovery of African swine fever (ASF). A hundred years ago, he published a major report on study of new highly dangerous disease carried out in 1900–1917 in the East Africa. The infection fundamentals have been established and described – the etiological, immunological  and nosological uniqueness  of the infection, fatal susceptibility of domestic  pigs, clinical sings and pathomorphology,  viral etiology, natural reservoir and source of the infection, survival of the virus outside the body, many specific epizootological aspects. Taking into account current high publication activity it has been concluded that there is a large body of multi-faceted  research focused on African swine fever. Gap analysis carried out by the large team of the European researchers and experts revealed the most challenging aspects – wild boars, ASF survival and transmission, biosecurity and surveillance. In addition to the gaps mentioned in these conclusions and recommendations there are serious gaps in African swine fever immunology, namely in protective immunity mechanisms, virus-macrophage interaction, in vitro virus phenotypic  signs correlating with its virulence, etc. Evidently, it is hardly possible to expect development of anti-ASF vaccines and particularly the vaccines capable of preventing and effectively protecting against ASF epizooty according to the general understanding without addressing these issues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>Р.Ю. Монтгомери</kwd><kwd>африканская чума свиней</kwd><kwd>текущая пандемия</kwd><kwd>GAP-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>R.Eu. Montgomery</kwd><kwd>African swine fever</kwd><kwd>current panzooty</kwd><kwd>Gap analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S2A3: Biographical Database of Southern African Science. Режим доступа: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=1949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S2A3: Biographical Database of Southern African Science. Available at: https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=1949.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global African Swine Fever Research Alliance (GARA). Gap Analysis Report. November 2018. Режим доступа: https://www.star-idaz.net/app/uploads/2018/11/GARA-Gap-Analysis-Report-2018.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global African Swine Fever Research Alliance (GARA). Gap Analysis Report. 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