veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-1-77-84veterinary-617Research ArticleБОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦAVIAN DISEASESВирус инфекционной бурсальной болезни: выявление новой генетической группы и реассортантовInfectious bursal disease virus: identification of the novel genetic group and reassortant viruseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-6179ЩербаковаЛ. О.ScherbakovaL. O.

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Leading Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases,

Vladimir

scherbakova@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4432ОвчинниковаЕ. В.OvchinnikovaYe. V.

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Senior Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases, 

Vladimir

ovchinnikova@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9434-6680ЗыбинаТ. Н.ZybinaT. N.

кандидат ветеринарных наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention,

Vladimir

zybina@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-180XКолосовС. Н.KolosovS. N.

кандидат биологических наук, сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases,

Vladimir

kolosov@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-5594ЗиняковН. Г.ZinyakovN. G.

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Senior Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases,

Vladimir

zinyakov@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-9399НиконоваЗ. Б.NikonovaZ. B.

кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Viral Avian Diseases,

Vladimir

nikonova@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-5795АндрейчукД. Б.AndreychukD. B.

кандидат биологических наук, заведующий референтной лабораторией вирусных болезней птиц,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Biology), Head of Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases,

Vladimir

andreychuk@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-3256ЧвалаИ. А.ChvalaI. A.

кандидат ветеринарных наук, заместитель директора по НИР,

г. Владимир

Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Deputy Director for Research,

Vladimir

chvala@arriah.ruФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)РоссияFGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)Russian Federation2022270320221117784Copyright © Щербакова Л.О., Овчинникова Е.В., Зыбина Т.Н., Колосов С.Н., Зиняков Н.Г., Никонова З.Б., Андрейчук Д.Б., Чвала И.А., 20222022Щербакова Л.О., Овчинникова Е.В., Зыбина Т.Н., Колосов С.Н., Зиняков Н.Г., Никонова З.Б., Андрейчук Д.Б., Чвала И.А.Scherbakova L.O., Ovchinnikova Y.V., Zybina T.N., Kolosov S.N., Zinyakov N.G., Nikonova Z.B., Andreychuk D.B., Chvala I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/617

Представлены результаты филогенетического анализа изолятов вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни по нуклеотидным последовательностям фрагментов геномных сегментов А и В. Традиционно изоляты вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни классифицируют на основе филогенетического анализа гипервариабельной области гена VP2. Анализ фрагмента гена VP2 изолятов, выявленных на территории Российской Федерации, показал, что большинство из них относятся к генетической группе, объединяющей высоковирулентные изоляты вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни. Но не все изоляты, относящиеся к одной генетической группе, обладают одинаковыми фенотипическими свойствами. Это связано, в частности, и с тем, что вирулентность определяется генетическими особенностями не только гена VP2 (сегмент А), но и гена VP1 (сегмент В). Сегментированная природа генома вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни делает возможным образование реассортантов, которые можно выявить в результате анализа обоих геномных сегментов. Филогенетический анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей фрагментов генов VP2 и VP1 28 изолятов вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни, выявленных в птицеводческих хозяйствах РФ, Украины и Казахстана в 2007–2019 гг., показал, что 15 из них являются реассортантами. Среди реассортантов выявлены различные комбинации геномных сегментов. Выявление разнообразия комбинаций геномных сегментов вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни свидетельствует о том, что в птицеводческих хозяйствах циркулирует гетерогенная вирусная популяция. Изучение степени патогенности трех изолятов вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни показало, что наиболее вирулентным был изолят, имеющий оба геномных сегмента, характерных для высоковирулентного вируса. Два реассортанта, имеющих только по одному геномному сегменту А или В, характерному для высоковирулентного вируса инфекционной бурсальной болезни, обладали менее выраженными вирулентными свойствами. 

The results of the phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the IBDV A and B genome segments have been presented. Traditionally the IBDV isolates are classified based on the phylogenic analysis of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene. The analysis of the VP2 gene segments of the isolates detected in the Russian Federation demonstrated that most of them belong to the genetic group comprising highly virulent IBDV isolates. However, not all isolates belonging to one genetic group have the same phenotypic characteristics. This is related to the fact that the virulence is determined not only based on the characteristics of the VP2 gene (A segment) but on the characteristics of the VP1 gene (B segment) as well. The IBDV genome segmentation allows formation of reassortant viruses which can be identified as a result of the genome segment analysis. The phylogenic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of VP2 and VP1 genes of 28 IBDV isolates detected at RF, Ukrainian and Kazakh poultry establishments in 2007 and 2019 showed that 15 of them are reassortant viruses. Different combinations of the genome segments have been identified among these reassortant viruses. Detection of different combinations of IBDV genome segments is indicative of the fact that the heterogeneous virus population circulates on the poultry farms. Pathogenicity studies of the three IBDV isolates showed that the most virulent was an isolate having two genome segments characteristic of the highly virulent virus. Two reassortant viruses having only one genome segment A or B, characteristic of the infectious bursal disease, demonstrated less pronounced virulent properties. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.