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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-1-20-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение резистентности патогенных и условно-патогенных грибов к противогрибковым препаратам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studyof resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi toantimycotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-2345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела генодиагностики инфекционных болезней животных отделения биотехнологии,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Science (Biology), Leading Researcher, Departmentfor Genodiagnostics of Infectious Animal Diseases of VGNKI Department of Biotechnology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adkozlova@vgnki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-2131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцентюк</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsentyuk</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующий отделом генодиагностики инфекционных болезней животных отделения биотехнологии,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Science (Biology), Head of the Department for Genodiagnostics of Infectious Animal Diseases of VGNKI, Department of Biotechnology, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pcr-lab@vgnki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-9093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, научный сотрудник отдела микологии,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-Graduate Student, Research, Department of Mycology, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.sokolov@vgnki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маноян</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manoyan</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий отделом микологии,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Veterinary Medicine), Head of the Department of Mycology,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mycology@vgnki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский государственный Центр качества и стандартизации лекарственных средств для животных и кормов» (ФГБУ «ВГНКИ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI “The Russian StateCentrefor QualityandStandardization of Veterinary DrugsandFeed” (FSBI “VGNKI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлова А.Д., Яцентюк С.П., Соколов В.В., Маноян М.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлова А.Д., Яцентюк С.П., Соколов В.В., Маноян М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlova A.D., Yatsentyuk S.P., Sokolov V.V., Manoyan M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/609">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/609</self-uri><abstract><p>Широкое применение антимикотических средств для терапии микозов у человека и животных вызывает беспокойство медицинских и ветеринарных специалистов в связи с возникновением резистентности патогенных и условно-патогенных грибов к противогрибковым препаратам. За последние годы накоплена информация о различных молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе данного явления, однако для успешного прогнозирования резистентности в различных группах грибов необходимо провести углубленные исследования. Для терапии и профилактики грибковых заболеваний активно применяют несколько групп препаратов, среди которых наиболее часто используют азолы и аллиламины, что приводит к накоплению резистентности патогенных и условно-патогенных грибов к этим противогрибковым средствам. В работе представлены результаты использования молекулярно-генетических методов для выявления устойчивых к азолам изолятов Candida albicans и устойчивых к тербинафину изолятов грибов рода Trichophyton. Анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей гена ERG11 10 изолятов Candida albicans, выделенных от разных видов животных, позволил разделить фенотипически устойчивые и чувствительные штаммы, однако не дал возможности дифференцировать штаммы, обладающие дозозависимой устойчивостью к азолам. Изучение однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов в гене SQLE, ассоциированном с развитием устойчивости к тербинафину, у 12 изолятов грибов рода Trichophyton не позволило разделить их по резистентности, что, вероятно, связано с действием другого механизма устойчивости, который может наблюдаться у данных штаммов. Полученные результаты исследований служат основанием для использования молекулярно-генетических методов для характеристики грибов рода Candida и Trichophyton, однако, с учетом биологических особенностей патогенов разных групп, для прогнозирования резистентности целесообразно использовать несколько значимых участков генома или результаты полногеномного секвенирования, а также анализ экспрессии генов. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The widespread use of antimycotic agents for the treatment of mycoses in humans and animals is of concern to medical and veterinary specialists due to the emergence of resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi to antifungal agents. In recent years, information has been accumulated on the various molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, but in-depth studies are needed to successfully predict resistance in various groups of fungi. To treat and prevent fungal infections several groups of antimycotics are used, where azoles and allylamines are the most frequent ones, which leads to resistance development in pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. The article presents the results of molecular methods identification of azole-resistant Candida albicans isolates and terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton isolates. The analysis of gene ERG11 nucleotide sequences of 10 Candida albicans isolates, recovered from different animal species, enabled the division of phenotypically resistant and susceptible strains, but could not differentiate between the strains, which have dose-dependent resistance to azoles. Study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gene SQLE, associated with the resistance development to terbinafine in 12 fungal isolates of genus Trichophyton, did not allow grading them by their resistance, which is likely associated with another resistance mechanism, which can be observed in these strains. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the use of molecular methods to characterize fungi of Candida and Trichophyton genera, however, taking into account the biological features of pathogens from different groups it is reasonable to use several significant genome regions or the results of the whole genome sequencing, as well as the gene expression analysis for successful forecasting of potential resistance. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимикотическая устойчивость</kwd><kwd>Candida</kwd><kwd>Trichophyton</kwd><kwd>азолы</kwd><kwd>тербинафин</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antimycotic resistance</kwd><kwd>Candida</kwd><kwd>Trichophyton</kwd><kwd>azoles</kwd><kwd>terbinafine</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Россельхознадзора в рамках научно-исследовательской работы по теме «Оценка распространенности микозов животных и рисков возникновения резистентности к антимикотическим средствам». Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам отделения биотехнологии Л. Э. Саканяну и А. В. Путинцевой за техническую помощь при проведении исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Rosselkhoznadzor as part of the research activities on the topic “Assessment of the animal mycoses spread and the risks of resistance to antimycotics”. The authors express their gratitude to the staff members of the Department of Biotechnology L. E. Sakanyan and A. V. Putintseva for the technical support.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowen L. E. The evolution of fungal drug resistance: modulating the trajectory from genotype to phenotype. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2008; 6 (3): 187–198. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowen L. E. 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