<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2021-10-4-317-322</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-593</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БОЛЕЗНИ МЕЛКИХ ДОМАШНИХ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PET DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная эффективность вакцин в жидкой  и лиофилизированной формах при оральной вакцинации собак против бешенства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative effectiveness of liquid and freeze-dried vaccines for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершебулов</surname><given-names>З. Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yershebulov</surname><given-names>Z. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершебулов Закир Джапарович, аспирант, руководитель управления качества </p><p>пгт Гвардейский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zakir D. Yershebulov, Post-Graduate Student, Head of Quality Management</p><p>Gvardeiskiy</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жунушов</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhunushov</surname><given-names>A. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жунушов Асанкадыр Темирбекович, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, член-корреспондент НАН КР, директор </p><p>г. Бишкек</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asankadyr T. Zhunushov, Doctor of Science ( Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the NAS, Director</p><p>Bishkek</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-6814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аманова</surname><given-names>Ж. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amanova</surname><given-names>Zh. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аманова Жанат Темирбаевна, магистр биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>пгт Гвардейский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanat T. Amanova, Master of Sciences (Biology), Senior Researcher</p><p>Gvardeiskiy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РГП «Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности» КН МОН РК</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RSE “Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems” SC MES RK</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биотехнологии НАН КР</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biotechnology NAS KR</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>317</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ершебулов З.Д., Жунушов А.Т., Аманова Ж.Т., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ершебулов З.Д., Жунушов А.Т., Аманова Ж.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yershebulov Z.D., Zhunushov A.T., Amanova Z.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/593">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/593</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время основной мерой борьбы с бешенством является вакцинопрофилактика домашних и диких животных, для этого используют инактивированные и живые препараты. Вакцины для оральной иммунизации диких плотоядных животных содержат живые аттенуированные вирусы бешенства, которые в жидком или лиофилизированном виде помещают внутрь съедобной приманки. В связи с отсутствием однозначных данных о преимуществах жидкого и лиофилизированного перорального препарата при формировании у животных поствакцинального иммунитета против бешенства было проведено сравнительное изучение эффективности данных антирабических вакцин, изготовленных из штамма VRC-RZ2 вируса бешенства. Иммуногенную эффективность изучали на беспородных, серонегативных к антигенам вируса бешенства собаках в возрасте от 3 мес. и старше. Животных случайным образом разделили на три группы: две опытные и контрольную. В первой группе собакам скармливали брикет-приманку, содержащую блистер с жидкой вируссодержащей суспензией, во второй группе – брикет-приманку, внутрь которой помещена желатиновая капсула с лиофилизированной суспензией вируса. Через 21 сут после иммунизации у всех животных отбирали пробы крови, полученные из них сыворотки исследовали в реакции нейтрализации для определения титров вируснейтрализующих антител. Напряженность антирабического иммунитета у вакцинированных собак оценивали путем интрацеребрального заражения животных вирулентным вирусом бешенства штамма CVS. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что в обеих группах иммунизированных собак титры вируснейтрализующих антител были примерно одинаковыми и находились в диапазоне от 3,25 до 4,33 log2. Выработанные у иммунизированных собак вируснейтрализующие антитела обеспечивали надежную защиту от вирулентного вируса штамма CVS. Все животные контрольной группы после заражения погибли с клиническими признаками паралитической формы бешенства. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности обеих форм оральных вакцин против бешенства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, vaccination is the main measure to combat rabies in domestic and wild animals. Inactivated and live vaccines are used for this purpose. Oral vaccines for wild carnivores contain live attenuated rabies viruses in liquid or freeze-dried form, which are packaged inside edible baits. Since there are no consistent data showing advantages of liquid and freeze-dried oral products for vaccine-induced immunity against rabies in animals, we compared effectiveness of these rabies vaccines produced from rabies virus strain VRC-RZ2. Immunogenicity was tested in mongrel dogs aged 3 months and older that are seronegative for rabies virus antigens. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental and one control group. Group One was fed a block-type bait containing a blister with liquid virus-containing suspension, Group Two was given a block-type bait containing a gelatin capsule with freeze-dried virus suspension. On Day 21 post vaccination, blood samples were taken from all the animals and the obtained sera were examined in virus neutralization test to measure virus neutralizing antibodies titers. The level of the immune response against rabies in the vaccinated dogs was assessed by intracerebral infection of animals with virulent rabies virus strain CVS. The carried out research demonstrated that both groups of the vaccinated dogs had approximately the same titers of virus neutralizing antibodies that ranged from 3.25 to 4.33 log2. The virus neutralizing antibodies observed in the immunized dogs ensured good protection from virulent CVS strain. All animals of the control group died after infection demonstrating clinical signs of paralytic rabies. The results obtained show that both forms of the oral rabies vaccines are effective.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус бешенства</kwd><kwd>пероральная вакцина</kwd><kwd>жидкая вакцина</kwd><kwd>лиофилизированная вакцина</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabies virus</kwd><kwd>oral vaccine</kwd><kwd>liquid vaccine</kwd><kwd>freeze-dried vaccine</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была выполнена в рамках научного проекта на тему «Мониторинг и изучение дикой фауны в эпидемически актуальных регионах на носительство опасных патогенов и разработка комплексных профилактических мероприятий для обеспечения биологической безопасности Республики Казахстан» (номер государственной регистрации 0153/ПЦФ-14-ОТ) по целевому финансированию при поддержке Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан, а также на тему «Коммерциализация вакцины инактивированной против бешенства животных» на 2018–2020 гг. по программе «Ветеринарная безопасность территории Республики Казахстан: эпизоотологический мониторинг, испытание, внедрение и коммерциализация средств специфической профилактики и диагностики особо опасных инфекционных заболеваний» (номер государственной регистрации О.0878 ИРК BR06249226). Авторы выражают признательность сотруднику РГП «НИИПББ» Д. С. Таранову за помощь при выполнении опытно-экспериментальных исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the scientific project devoted to the topic “Monitoring and observation of wild fauna in epidemiologically relevant regions for carriage of dangerous pathogens and development of comprehensive preventive measures to ensure biological safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan”(State Registration Number 0153/PCF-14-OT) (based on targeted funding with the support of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan), and devoted to the topic “Commercialization of inactivated vaccine against rabies in animals” for 2018–2020 under the program“Veterinary safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan: epidemiological monitoring, testing, introduction and commercialization of means of specific prophylaxis and diagnosis for highly dangerous infectious diseases” (State Registration Number O.0878 IRK BR06249226). The authors express their gratitude to D. S. Taranov, the employee of the RSE “RIBSP”, for his help in carrying out experiments.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OIE Rabies. Available at: https://www.oie.int/en/disease/rabies.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OIE Rabies. Available at: https://www.oie.int/en/disease/rabies.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. Бешенство. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/rabies (дата обращения: 10.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Rabies. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies (date of access: 10.06.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: Third Report. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1012. Geneva; 2018. 183 p. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: Third Report. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1012. Geneva; 2018. 183 p. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272364.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исполнительный комитет Содружества Независимых Государств. Итоги 86-го заседания Экономического совета СНГ (30 июня 2020 г.). Режим доступа: https://cis.minsk.by/news/15259/itogi_86-go_zasedanija_ekonomicheskogo_soveta_sng_%2830_ijunja_2020_goda%29 (дата обращения: 10.06.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ispolnitel’nyi komitet Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv. Itogi 86-go zasedaniya Ekonomicheskogo soveta SNG (30 iyunya 2020 g.) = Executive Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Results of the 86th meeting of the CIS Economic Council (June 30, 2020). Available at: https://cis.minsk.by/news/15259/itogi_86-go_zasedanija_ekonomicheskogo_soveta_sng_%2830_ijunja_2020_goda%29 (date of access: 10.06.2021). (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosatte R. Evolution of wildlife rabies control tactics. Adv. Virus. Res. 2011; 79: 397–419. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00019-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosatte R. Evolution of wildlife rabies control tactics. Adv. Virus. Res. 2011; 79: 397–419. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387040-7.00019-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Груздев К. Н., Метлин А. Е. Бешенство животных. Владимир: ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»; 2019. 394 с. eLIBRARY ID: 41355659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gruzdev K. N., Metlin A. E. Animal Rabies. Vladimir: FGBI “ARRIAH”. 2019. 394 p. eLIBRARY ID: 41355659. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linhart S. B., Wlodkowski J. C., Kavanaugh D. M., Motes-Kreimeyer L., Montoney A. J., Chipman R. B., et al. A new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. J. Wildl. Dis. 2002; 38 (2): 363–377. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linhart S. B., Wlodkowski J. C., Kavanaugh D. M., Motes-Kreimeyer L., Montoney A. J., Chipman R. B., et al. A new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. J. Wildl. Dis. 2002; 38 (2): 363–377. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abelseth M. K. An attenuated rabies vaccine for domestic animals produced in tissue culture. Can. Vet. J. 1964; 5 (11): 279–286. PMID: 17421745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abelseth M. K. An attenuated rabies vaccine for domestic animals produced in tissue culture. Can. Vet. J. 1964; 5 (11): 279–286. PMID: 17421745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steck F., Wandeler A., Bichsel P., Capt S., Häfliger U., Schneider L. Oral immunization of foxes against rabies. Laboratory and field studies. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1982; 5 (1–3): 165–171. DOI: 10.1016/01479571(82)90031-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steck F., Wandeler A., Bichsel P., Capt S., Häfliger U., Schneider L. Oral immunization of foxes against rabies. Laboratory and field studies. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1982; 5 (1–3): 165–171. DOI: 10.1016/01479571(82)90031-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mähl P., Cliquet F., Guiot A. L., Niin E., Fournials E., Saint-Jean N. Twenty year experience of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in wildlife: a global review. Vet. Res. 2014; 45 (1):77. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0077-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mähl P., Cliquet F., Guiot A. L., Niin E., Fournials E., Saint-Jean N. Twenty year experience of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in wildlife: a global review. Vet. Res. 2014; 45 (1):77. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0077-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kieny M. P., Lathe R., Drillien R., Spehner D., Skory S., Schmitt D., et al. Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus. Nature. 1984; 312 (5990): 163–166. DOI: 10.1038/312163a0. PMID: 6548799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kieny M. P., Lathe R., Drillien R., Spehner D., Skory S., Schmitt D., et al. Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus. Nature. 1984; 312 (5990): 163–166. DOI: 10.1038/312163a0. PMID: 6548799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiktor T. J., Macfarlan R. I., Reagan K. J., Dietzschold B., Curtis P. J., Wunner W. H., et al. Protection from rabies by a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1984; 81 (22): 7194–7198. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiktor T. J., Macfarlan R. I., Reagan K. J., Dietzschold B., Curtis P. J., Wunner W. H., et al. Protection from rabies by a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1984; 81 (22): 7194–7198. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lafay F., Bénéjean J., Tuffereau C., Flamand A., Coulon P. Vaccination against rabies: construction and characterization of SAG2, a double avirulent derivative of SAD Bern. Vaccine. 1994; 12 (4): 317–320. DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90095-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lafay F., Bénéjean J., Tuffereau C., Flamand A., Coulon P. Vaccination against rabies: construction and characterization of SAG2, a double avirulent derivative of SAD Bern. Vaccine. 1994; 12 (4): 317–320. DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90095-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amann R., Rohde J., Wulle U., Conlee D., Raue R., Martinon O., Rziha H. J. A new rabies vaccine based on a recombinant ORF virus (parapoxvirus) expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. J. Virol. 2013; 87 (3): 1618– 1630. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02470-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amann R., Rohde J., Wulle U., Conlee D., Raue R., Martinon O., Rziha H. J. A new rabies vaccine based on a recombinant ORF virus (parapoxvirus) expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. J. Virol. 2013; 87 (3): 1618– 1630. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02470-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mainguy J., Rees E. E., Canac-Marquis P., Bélanger D., Fehlner-Gardiner C., Séguin G., et al. Oral rabies vaccination of raccoons and striped skunks with ONRAB® baits: multiple factors influence field immunogenicity. J. Wildl Dis. 2012; 48 (4): 979–990. DOI: 10.7589/2011-12-316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mainguy J., Rees E. E., Canac-Marquis P., Bélanger D., Fehlner-Gardiner C., Séguin G., et al. Oral rabies vaccination of raccoons and striped skunks with ONRAB® baits: multiple factors influence field immunogenicity. J. Wildl Dis. 2012; 48 (4): 979–990. DOI: 10.7589/2011-12-316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maki J., Guiot A. L., Aubert M., Brochier B., Cliquet F., Hanlon C. A., et al. Oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (RABORAL V-RG®): A global review. Vet. Res. 2017; 48 (1):57. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0459-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maki J., Guiot A. L., Aubert M., Brochier B., Cliquet F., Hanlon C. A., et al. Oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (RABORAL V-RG®): A global review. Vet. Res. 2017; 48 (1):57. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0459-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fehlner-Gardiner C., Rudd R., Donovan D., Slate D., Kempf L., Badcock J. Comparing ONRAB® and RABORAL V-RG® oral rabies vaccine field performance in raccoons and striped skunks, New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine, USA. J. Wildl. Dis. 2012; 48 (1): 157–167. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fehlner-Gardiner C., Rudd R., Donovan D., Slate D., Kempf L., Badcock J. Comparing ONRAB® and RABORAL V-RG® oral rabies vaccine field performance in raccoons and striped skunks, New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine, USA. J. Wildl. Dis. 2012; 48 (1): 157–167. DOI: 10.7589/0090-355848.1.157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Follmann E., Ritter D., Swor R., Dunbar M., Hueffer K. Preliminary evaluation of Raboral V-RG® oral rabies vaccine in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus). J. Wildl. Dis. 2011; 47 (4): 1032–1035. DOI: 10.7589/0090-355847.4.1032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Follmann E., Ritter D., Swor R., Dunbar M., Hueffer K. Preliminary evaluation of Raboral V-RG® oral rabies vaccine in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus). J. Wildl. Dis. 2011; 47 (4): 1032–1035. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-47.4.1032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елаков А. Л. Меры борьбы с бешенством у безнадзорных и диких животных. VetPharma. 2013; 5 (6): 24–27. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_21020254_52439858.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elakov A. L. Measures of fight against rabies of neglected and wild animals. VetPharma. 2013; 5 (6): 24–27. eLIBRARY ID: 21020254. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_21020254_52439858.pdf. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Follmann E. H., Ritter D. G., Donald W. H. Oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized SAG2 rabies vaccine. J. Wildl Dis. 2004; 40 (2): 328–334. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-40.2.328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Follmann E. H., Ritter D. G., Donald W. H. Oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized SAG2 rabies vaccine. J. Wildl. Dis. 2004; 40 (2): 328–334. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-40.2.328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Follmann E. H., Ritter D. G., Hartbauer D. W. Safety of lyophilized SAG2 oral rabies vaccine in collared lemmings. J. Wildl. Dis. 2002; 38 (1): 216–218. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Follmann E. H., Ritter D. G., Hartbauer D. W. Safety of lyophilized SAG2 oral rabies vaccine in collared lemmings. J. Wildl. Dis. 2002; 38 (1): 216–218. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hermann J. R., Fry A. M., Siev D., Slate D., Lewis C., Gatewood D. M. Stability of vaccinia-vectored recombinant oral rabies vaccine under field conditions: A 3-year study. Can. J. Vet. Res. 2011; 75 (4): 278–284. PMID: 22468025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hermann J. R., Fry A. M., Siev D., Slate D., Lewis C., Gatewood D. M. Stability of vaccinia-vectored recombinant oral rabies vaccine under field conditions: A 3-year study. Can. J. Vet. Res. 2011; 75 (4): 278–284. PMID: 22468025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabies (infection with rabies virus and other lyssaviruses). In: OIE. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter 3.1.17. Available at: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.17_RABIES.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabies (infection with rabies virus and other lyssaviruses). In: OIE. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter 3.1.17. Available at: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.17_RABIES.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
