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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2021-2-37-151-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-565</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности природной очаговости сибирской язвы и экологии Bacillus anthracis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of anthrax natural foci and Bacillus anthracis ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-5678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Родионов Александр Павлович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории коллекции штаммов микроорганизмов</p><p>420075, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, Научный городок-2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander P. Rodionov, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Collection of Strains of Microorganisms</p><p>420075, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Scientific town-2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexandrvetspets@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-6077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемьева Елена Александровна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий лабораторией коллекции штаммов микроорганизмов</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Artemeva, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Collection of Strains of Microorganisms</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemevaelena21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-3843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Лилия Арсентьевна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории коллекции штаммов микроорганизмов</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia A. Melnikova, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Collection of Strains of Microorganisms</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnivi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косарев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosarev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косарев Максим Аркадьевич, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий отделением бактериологии</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Kosarev, Candidate of Science (Biology), Head of Department of Bacteriology</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosarev@vnivi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-8569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Светлана Викторовна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных антропозоонозов</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Ivanova, Candidate of Science (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Anthropozoonoses</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9274281396@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности» (ФГБНУ «ФЦТРБ-ВНИВИ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety” (FSBSI “FCTRBS-ARRVI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Родионов А.П., Артемьева Е.А., Мельникова Л.А., Косарев М.А., Иванова С.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Родионов А.П., Артемьева Е.А., Мельникова Л.А., Косарев М.А., Иванова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rodionov A.P., Artemeva E.A., Melnikova L.A., Kosarev M.A., Ivanova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/565">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/565</self-uri><abstract><p>Сибирская язва остается глобальной проблемой как для ветеринарной, так и для гуманной медицины в связи с широким распространением ее почвенных очагов во всем мире. Способность к споруляции является главной особенностью Bacillus anthracis, позволяющей возбудителю сохраняться в окружающей среде в течение длительного времени. Понимание экологии B.anthracis необходимо для успешной борьбы с данной инфекцией. В настоящем обзоре проведен анализ данных мировой литературы, отражающих современное представление о жизнедеятельности возбудителя сибирской язвы в различных экологических нишах. В результате работы выявлено, что многие звенья в цепи жизнедеятельности B. anthracis в абиотической среде остаются малоизученными. Более глубокого изучения требуют вопросы, касающиеся механизмов, способов существования и эволюции возбудителя сибирской язвы вне организма животного. Отдельным разделом обзора представлены проблемы почвенных очагов сибирской язвы. Показано, что на сегодняшний день не существует эффективных и безвредных для окружающей среды методов и средств их ликвидации. Кроме того, остается открытым вопрос о целесообразности их применения. По мнению некоторых исследователей, все чаще возникающие инициативы ликвидации или консервации сибиреязвенных скотомогильников не только бесполезны, но и вредны, так как исключают возможность в дальнейшем прогнозировать риски, связанные с почвенными очагами, которые окружают скотомогильники и не могут быть обезврежены. Изучение и новые подходы к решению освещенных вопросов внесут свой значительный вклад в решение глобальной проблемы защиты животных и людей от данной природно-очаговой инфекции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anthrax remains a global problem, both for veterinary and human medicine, due to the wide spread of its soil foci throughout the world. The ability to sporulate is the main feature of Bacillus anthracis, which allows the pathogen to persist in the environment for a long time. Understanding the ecology of B. anthracis is essential for successful control of this infection. This review analyzes the data from the global literature, reflecting the modern understanding of the vital functions of the anthrax agent in various ecological niches. As a result of the work, it was revealed that many links in the chain of B. anthracis lifecycle in the abiotic environment remain poorly understood. A more in-depth study is required for issues related to the mechanisms, ways of living and evolution of the anthrax causative agent outside the animal body. A separate section of the review describes the problems of anthrax foci in soil. It is shown that today there are no effective and environmentally friendly methods and means of their elimination. In addition, the question of the expediency of their use remains open. According to some researchers, the increasingly emerging initiatives for the elimination or conservation of anthrax burial sites are not only useless, but also harmful, since they exclude the possibility of further predicting the risks associated with soil foci that surround livestock burial sites and cannot be decontaminated. The study and new approaches to solution of the highlighted issues will make a significant contribution to solving the global problem of protecting animals and people from this infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>почвенные очаги</kwd><kwd>природная очаговость</kwd><kwd>скотомогильник</kwd><kwd>стационарно неблагополучный пункт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anthrax</kwd><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>soil foci</kwd><kwd>natural focality</kwd><kwd>cattle burial site</kwd><kwd>permanently infected settlement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова С. В., Мельникова Л. А., Родионов А. П. Динамика функциональной активности фагоцитарных клеток животных, вакцинированных против сибирской язвы. Ветеринарный врач. 2020; 5: 33–39. 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