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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2021-1-36-68-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-546</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор: ключевые моменты в процессе становления микробиома млекопитающих</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review article: key aspects of mammal microbiome development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-0647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Елена Вячеславовна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики инфекционных и инвазионных болезней НИЦ</p><p>г. Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Semenova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Infectious and Invasive Diseases of the Scientific and Testing Center</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenasemenova1992@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-8965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манжурина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manzhurina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Манжурина Ольга Алексеевна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией диагностики инфекционных и инвазионных болезней НИЦ</p><p>г. Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Manzhurina, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Infectious and Invasive Diseases of the Scientific and Testing Center</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">manol65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархоменко</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomenko</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пархоменко Юлия Сергеевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики инфекционных и инвазионных болезней НИЦ</p><p>г. Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya S. Parkhomenko, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Infectious and Invasive Diseases of the Scientific and Testing Center</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliyasp21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт патологии, фармакологии и терапии» (ФГБНУ «ВНИВИПФиТ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy” (FSBSI “ARVRIPP&amp;T”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семенова Е.В., Манжурина О.А., Пархоменко Ю.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенова Е.В., Манжурина О.А., Пархоменко Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenova E.V., Manzhurina O.A., Parkhomenko Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/546">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/546</self-uri><abstract><p>Данный обзор направлен на обобщение современного понимания становления микробиоты новорожденных млекопитающих на основе результатов современных исследований в экспериментах с животными в трех аспектах, включая начальную колонизацию, влияние микробиоты на иммунную функцию кишечника развивающегося новорожденного и воздействие внешних факторов на формирование микробиома в ювенильный период. Результаты представленных в статье исследований подтверждают, что коррекция микробного пейзажа – важнейший фактор улучшения здоровья животного с учетом того, что именно здоровая микрофлора способствует снижению частоты и интенсивности кишечных инфекций, а это, в свою очередь, минимизирует использование антибиотиков. Известно, что микробиом влияет на развитие иммунной системы, метаболические процессы и даже на этологию, в связи с чем нетипичная микробная популяция способна вызвать нарушения как иммунитета, так и метаболизма организма. Активный процесс взаимодействия микроорганизмов и организма хозяина начинается уже при рождении. Даже различные способы родов – кесарево или вагинальное родоразрешение – могут определять начальную колонизацию новорожденного. Кроме того, на формирование микробиоты кишечника влияют генетика особи, питание и окружающая среда. В связи с этим актуально изучение пробиотиков – понимание их эффективности при профилактике и лечении диареи, использование как альтернативы антибиотикам, а также для повышения устойчивости животных к стрессовым факторам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review article summarizes current understanding of the microbiota development in neonatal mammals based on the results of modern experimental studies in animals focusing on three aspects: initial colonization, microbiota effect on the immune function of the developing newborn animal intestine and external factors influencing the microbiome shaping during the juvenile period. The presented study results confirm that the microbial landscape correction is the most important factor for animal health improvement since healthy microflora contributes to the intestinal infection frequency and intensity reduction, and this, in turn, minimizes the use of antibiotics. The microbiome is known to have an impact on the immune system development, metabolic processes and even on the ethology, so an atypical microbial population can cause immune and metabolic disorders. The active interaction between microorganisms and the host organism begins already at birth. Even different modes of delivery (caesarean or vaginal delivery) may determine the initial colonization of the newborn. The animal genetics, nutrition and environment also influence the intestinal microbiota development. In this regard, further studies of probiotics are important to understand their efficacy for diarrhea prevention and treatment, their use as an alternative to antibiotics as well as for enhancement of the animal resistance to stress factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Микробиом кишечника</kwd><kwd>колонизация</kwd><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd><kwd>молодняк</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Intestinal microbiome</kwd><kwd>colonization</kwd><kwd>mammals</kwd><kwd>young animals</kwd><kwd>livestock animals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abe F., Ishibashi N., Shimamura S. Effects of administration of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to newborn calves and piglets. J. Dairy Sci. 1995; 78 (12): 2838–2846. 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