veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2020-2-33-115-121veterinary-477Research ArticleБОЛЕЗНИ ВОДНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХAQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASESНидовирусы, ассоциированные с водными животнымиNidoviruses associated with aquatic animalsБучацкийЛ. П.BuchatskyL. P.

Бучацкий Леонид Петрович, доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биотехнологий в рыбоводстве

Leonid P. Buchatsky, Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Fishery Biotechnology

iridolpb@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-6380МакаровВ. В.MakarovV. V.

Макаров Владимир Владимирович, доктор биологических наук, профессор

Vladimir V. Makarov, Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor

vvm-39@mail.ruИнститут рыбного хозяйства Национальной академии аграрных наукУкраинаInstitute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS)UkraineФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (РУДН)РоссияPeople’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian Federation20201506202002115121Copyright © Бучацкий Л.П., Макаров В.В., 20202020Бучацкий Л.П., Макаров В.В.Buchatsky L.P., Makarov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/477

Нидовирусы в отношении их многочисленности, филогенеза, систематики, видовой идентификации, генетических связей внутри таксона, прогрессивной изменчивости являются наиболее сложной группировкой среди прочих вирусов. Как и другие вирусы с односпиральной РНК, нидовирусы обладают сравнительно высокой способностью к мутациям и рекомбинациям, что позволяет им быстро адаптироваться к новым хозяевам и новым экологическим нишам. Хотя бóльшая часть известных представителей нидовирусов ассоциирована с наземными хозяевами, в последнее время появляется все больше сведений о нидовирусах, изолированных из водных организмов. В обзоре анализируется современная информация о представителях отряда Nidovirales, ассоциированных с водными животными. Согласно современной классификации вирусов все они входят в состав восьми семейств. Наиболее изученными среди них являются члены семейств Coronaviridae, Tobaniviridae и Roniviridae. Представители остальных семейств нидовирусов водных животных были выявлены методом углубленного секвенирования (метагеномики), но их влияние на организм хозяев пока изучено недостаточно. Приведены данные по распространению нидовирусов среди водных животных в различных водных системах мира, описаны клинические признаки заболевания, дана краткая характеристика нидовирусов и их геномов. Предполагается возможная роль нидовирусов водных животных, как наиболее древних представителей животного мира, в эволюции нидовирусов наземных животных. Поэтому нидовирусы водных животных могут иметь большое значение для установления новых, неизвестных науке природных резервуаров, межвидового их переноса между морскими, пресноводными и наземными хозяевами.

Nidoviruses comprise the most complex grouping among other viruses with respect to their multiplicity, phylogeny, systematics, species identification, genetic relationships within a taxon, progressive variability. Like other single-stranded RNA viruses, nidoviruses have a relatively high ability to mutate and recombine, which allows them to quickly adapt to new hosts and new ecological niches. Although most of the known representatives of nidoviruses are associated with terrestrial hosts, more and more data has recently appeared on nidoviruses recovered from aquatic organisms. This review is the analysis of current data on the representatives of the order Nidovirales associated with aquatic animals. They are all included in the eight families based on the current classification of viruses. The most studied among them are members of the families Coronaviridae, Tobaniviridae and Roniviridae. Representatives of the other families of aquatic animal nidoviruses were identified using metagenomic deep sequencing (metagenomics), but their effect on the host organism has not yet been adequately studied. Data on the distribution of nidoviruses among aquatic animals in different global aquatic systems are presented, clinical signs of the disease are described, a brief description of nidoviruses and their genomes is given. Nidoviruses of aquatic animals as the earliest members of the animal kingdom are supposed to have played a possible role in the evolution of terrestrial animal nidoviruses. Therefore, aquatic animal nidoviruses could play a significant role in the formation of new natural reservoirs unknown to science, as well as in their interspecies transfer between marine, freshwater and terrestrial hosts.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.