veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2020-1-32-3-10veterinary-449Research ArticleБОЛЕЗНИ РЫБFISH DISEASESВоспаление сердечных и скелетных мышц – новое опасное заболевание культивируемых лососевых рыбHeart and skeletal muscle inflammation – novel dangerous disease of farmed Salmonidaehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-2875МельниковВ. П.MelnikovV. P.

Мельников Владимир Петрович, кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий референтной лабораторией болезней аквакультуры

600901, г. Владимир, мкр. Юрьевец

Vladimir P. Melnikov, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Reference Laboratory for Aquaculture Diseases

600901, Vladimir, Yur’evets

melnikov@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-3062ПронинВ. В.ProninV. V.

Пронин Валерий Васильевич, доктор биологических наук, профессор, руководитель центра доклинических исследований

Владимир

Valery V. Pronin, Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, Head of the Centre for Preclinical Tests

Vladimir

pronin@arriah.ruФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)РоссияFGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” (FGBI “ARRIAH”)Russian Federation20202603202001310Copyright © Мельников В.П., Пронин В.В., 20202020Мельников В.П., Пронин В.В.Melnikov V.P., Pronin V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/449

Воспаление сердечных и скелетных мышц в настоящее время является одним из самых распространенных, экономически значимых заболеваний культивируемого атлантического лосося и представляет серьезную угрозу его аквакультуре. Впервые болезнь выявлена в 1999 г. в Норвегии. В 2006 г. норвежские ученые доказали ее вирусную этиологию. Воспаление сердечных и скелетных мышц является трансграничной, высококонтагиозной, новой, еще недостаточно изученной вирусной болезнью лососевых рыб, характеризующейся поражением эритроцитов, симптомокомплексом воспаления сердечных и скелетных мышц, нарушением кровообращения и желтухой. Экономический ущерб, наносимый этим заболеванием аквакультуре, чрез­вычайно велик. Общая кумулятивная смертность может достигать 30%, а уровень заболеваемости составлять 100%. Снижение качества товарной рыбной продукции из-за меланизированных участков в мышцах лососевых еще больше повышает экономические потери от этого заболевания. Наи­более чувствителен к воспалению сердечных и скелетных мышц выращиваемый в аквакультуре атлантический лосось. Восприимчивыми видами также являются радужная форель, чавыча и кумжа, и этот список продолжает пополняться. Возбудителем заболевания является вирус, относящийся к роду Orthoreovirus семейства Reoviridae. На сегодняшний день ортореовирус рыб имеет тенденцию к глобальному распространению. Заболевание, вызванное этим вирусом, регистрируют в Норвегии, Шотландии, Ирландии, Исландии, Франции, Германии, Италии, Дании, на Фарерских островах, в Чили, Канаде, на Атлантическом побережье США и на Аляске. Наибольшее количество очагов отмечают в Средней и Северной Норвегии, пограничной с Мурманской областью. Близость неблагополучных территорий к России, протекающий мимо норвежских берегов в сторону Мурманской области Гольфстрим, а также миграция диких лососевых через норвежские территориальные воды в Баренцево, Белое и Печорское моря в совокупности с высокой стабильностью вируса создают высокий уровень угрозы заноса ортореовируса рыб с территории сопредельных стран на территорию Российской Федерации.

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is one of the most widespread economically relevant diseases of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and it poses serious danger to its aquaculture. The disease was first reported in Norway in 1999. In 2006, the Norwegian researchers demonstrated its viral etiology. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation is a novel and understudied highly contagious transboundary disease of Salmonidae characterized by erythrocyte damage, blood circulation failure, jaundice and aggregated signs of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation. The disease associated economic damage to aquaculture is enormous. Total cumulative mortality can reach 30% and morbidity can amount to 100%. Loss of quality of the commercial fish products due to melanised foci in the salmons’ muscles further increases the disease-associated economic losses. Aquacultured Atlantic salmon is the most susceptible to HSMI. Rainbow trout, chub salmon and bull trout are also susceptible species and the list is still being continued. The disease is caused by the virus belonging to genus Orthoreovirus in the family Reoviridae. Currently Piscine orthoreovirus demonstrates the tendency towards its global spread. The virus-induced disease is reported in Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, France, Germany, Italy, Denmark and Alaska. The majority of the outbreaks are registered in Central and Northern parts of Norway, which borders the Murmansk Oblast. The vicinity of the affected areas to Russia, the Gulf Stream passing the Norwegian shore while moving towards the Murmansk Oblast as well as wild Salmonidae migration to the Barents Sea, White Sea and Pechora Sea through the Norwegian territorial waters coupled with high stability of the virus compose high threat of Piscine orthoreovirus introduction to the Russian Federation from the adjacent countries.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.