<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2019-4-31-49-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AVIAN DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ИЗОЛЯТА ВИРУСА ГРИППА A/CHICKEN/CHELYABINSK/30/2019 H9N2, ВЫДЕЛЕННОГО НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYSIS OF GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS A/CHICKEN/CHELYABINSK/30/2019 H9N2 ISOLATED IN CHELYABINSK OBLAST</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-5594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиняков</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinyakov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Владимир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Candidate of Science (Biology)</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinyakov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-157X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>Щю S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ветеринарный врач</p><p>Владимир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veterinarian</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-1887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акшалова</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akshalova</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p><p>Владимир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-Graduate Student</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akshalova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-4728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сосипаторова</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosipatorova</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Владимир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Candidate of Science (Biology)</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosipatorova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-2119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриясов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andriyasov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Researcher, Candidate of Science (Biology)</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andriyasov_av@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-5795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрейчук</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreychuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Владимир </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Science (Biology)</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreychuk@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чвала</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chvala</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель директора по НИР и мониторингу, кандидат ветеринарных наук</p><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director for Research and Monitoring, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine)</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chvala@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBI “ARRIAH”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зиняков Н.Г., Осипова О.С., Акшалова П.Б., Сосипаторова В.Ю., Андриясов А.В., Андрейчук Д.Б., Чвала И.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зиняков Н.Г., Осипова О.С., Акшалова П.Б., Сосипаторова В.Ю., Андриясов А.В., Андрейчук Д.Б., Чвала И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinyakov N.G., Osipova Щ.S., Akshalova P.B., Sosipatorova V.Y., Andriyasov A.V., Andreychuk D.B., Chvala I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/442">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/442</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены данные по изучению генетических свойств изолята вируса гриппа А/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2, выделенного в феврале 2019 г. из патологического материала (внутренних органов кур), поступившего из птицехозяйства Челябинской области. В результате вирусологических исследований определили подтип выделенного вируса – Н9N2. При секвенировании участка гена гемагглютинина установлена аминокислотная последовательность сайта нарезания RSSR/GLF, характерная для низковирулентного вируса гриппа птиц. Филогенетический анализ полученных нуклеотидных последовательностей фрагмента гена гемагглютинина (1–1539 п. н. открытой рамки считывания) показал принадлежность изолята А/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 к генетической группе G1 низковирулентного вируса гриппа А/Н9, представители которой широко распространены в странах Ближнего Востока и Средней Азии. Определена полная нуклеотидная последовательность генома исследуемого патогена. В результате сравнительного анализа всех геномных сегментов с использованием базы данных GenBank установлено высокое родство (более 99%) вируса А/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 с изолятами вируса гриппа А/Н9, циркулировавшими на территории Израиля в 2006–2012 гг. Согласно анализу предсказанной аминокислотной последовательности изучаемого изолята выявлены позиции некоторых молекулярных маркеров, определяющие биологические свойства вируса. Большинство аминокислотных позиций гемагглютинина (по нумерации последовательности подтипа Н3) предполагают сродство к АСА2-3Gal-рецепторам эпителиальных клеток птиц. Выявлены аминокислотные замены на участке рецептор-связывающего домена в сравнении с изолятами вируса гриппа A/ H9N2, выделенными на территории России в 2018 г. Первичная структура генома изолята A/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 имеет очень высокий уровень генетического сходства по всем генам с изолятом вируса гриппа A/chicken/Israel/215/2007 H9N2, использовавшимся в качестве вакцинного штамма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents data on the study of genetic characteristics of the infl uenza virus A/chicken/ Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 isolated from pathological material (chicken internal organs) in February 2019 and received from the poultry farm in the Chelyabinsk Oblast. The H9N2 subtype of the isolated virus was identifi ed based on virological analysis. Sequencing of the hemagglutinin gene segment revealed that the amino acid sequence at the cleavage site was RSSR/GLF, which is characteristic of a low virulent avian infl uenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin gene fragment (1–1539 bp open reading frame) showed that the A/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 isolate belongs to the G1 genetic group of the low virulent infl uenza virus A/H9, the representatives of which are widely spread in the Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries. The complete nucleotide genome sequence of the studied pathogen was determined. The comparative analysis of all genomic segments using the GenBank database revealed a close relationship (over 99%) between the A/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 virus and the A/H9 infl uenza virus isolates circulating in Israel in 2006–2012. According to the analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the studied isolate, the positions of some molecular markers that determine the biological properties of the virus have been identifi ed. Most amino acid positions of hemagglutinin (according to H3 subtype sequence numbering) suggest affi nity for the ACA2-3Gal-receptors of avian epithelial cells. Amino acid substitutions were detected at the site within the receptor-binding domain as compared to the A/H9N2 infl uenza virus isolates obtained in Russia in 2018. The primary structure of the A/chicken/Chelyabinsk/30/2019 H9N2 isolate demonstrates a very high level of genetic similarity to the infl uenza virus isolate A/chicken/ Israel/215/2007 H9N2 used as a vaccine strain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грипп птиц</kwd><kwd>H9N2</kwd><kwd>генетический анализ</kwd><kwd>аминокислотные замены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>avian infl uenza</kwd><kwd>H9N2</kwd><kwd>genetic analysis</kwd><kwd>amino acid substitutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A global perspective on H9N2 avian infl uenza virus / T. P. Peacock, J. James, J. E. Sealy, M. Iqbal // Viruses. – 2019. – Vol. 11 (7):e620; DOI: 10.3390/v11070620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A global perspective on H9N2 avian infl uenza virus. T. P. Peacock, J. James, J. E. Sealy, M. Iqbal. Viruses. 2019; 11 (7):e620; DOI: 10.3390/v11070620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A novel genotype H9N2 infl uenza virus possessing human H5N1 internal genomes has been circulating in poultry in eastern China since 1998 / P. Zhang, Y. Tang, X. Liu [et al.] // J. Virol. – 2009. – Vol. 83 (17). – P. 8428–8438; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00659-09.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A novel genotype H9N2 infl uenza virus possessing human H5N1 internal genomes has been circulating in poultry in eastern China since 1998. P. Zhang, Y. Tang, X. Liu [et al.]. J. Virol. 2009; 83 (17): 8428–8438; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00659-09.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander D. J. Summary of avian infl uenza activity in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, 2002–2006 // Avian Dis. – 2007. – Vol. 51 (Suppl. 1). – P. 161–166; DOI: 10.1637/7602-041306R.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander D. J. Summary of avian infl uenza activity in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, 2002–2006. Avian Dis. 2007; 51 (Suppl. 1): 161–166; DOI: 10.1637/7602-041306R.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avian infl uenza (infection with avian infl uenza viruses) // Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals / OIE. – 2018. – Chap. 3.3.4. – URL: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.03.04_AI.pdf (дата обращения: 12.11.19).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avian infl uenza (infection with avian infl uenza viruses). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. OIE. 2018; Chap. 3.3.4. URL: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.03.04_AI.pdf (date of access: 12.11.19).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avian influenza A subtype H9N2 in poultry in Pakistan / K. Naeem, A. Ullah, R. J. Manvell, D. J. Alexander // Vet. Rec. – 1999. – Vol. 145 (19). – P. 560; DOI: 10.1136/vr.145.19.560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avian influenza A subtype H9N2 in poultry in Pakistan. K. Naeem, A. Ullah, R. J. Manvell, D. J. Alexander. Vet. Rec. 1999; 145 (19): 560; DOI: 10.1136/vr.145.19.560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Characterization of the pathogenicity of members of the newly established H9N2 infl uenza virus lineages in Asia / Y. J. Guo, S. Krauss, D. A. Senne [et al.] // Virology. – 2000. – Vol. 267 (2). – P. 279–288; DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.0115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Characterization of the pathogenicity of members of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Asia. Y. J. Guo, S. Krauss, D. A. Senne [et al.]. Virology. 2000; 267 (2): 279–288; DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.0115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genesis of avian infl uenza H9N2 in Bangladesh / K. Shanmuganatham, M. M. Feeroz, L. Jones-Engel [et al.] // Emerg. Microbes Infect. – 2014. – Vol. 3 (12):e88; DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genesis of avian influenza H9N2 in Bangladesh. K. Shanmuganatham, M. M. Feeroz, L. Jones-Engel [et al.]. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 2014; 3 (12):e88; DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genetic characterization of HA gene of low pathogenic H9N2 infl uenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2006–2012 periods / I. Davidson, I. Shkoda, N. Golender [et al.] // Virus Genes. – 2013. – Vol. 46 (2). – P. 255– 263; DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0852-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic characterization of HA gene of low pathogenic H9N2 infl uenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2006–2012 periods. I. Davidson, I. Shkoda, N. Golender [et al.]. Virus Genes. 2013; 46 (2): 255–263; DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0852-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genetic conservation of hemagglutinin gene of H9 influenza virus in chicken population in Mainland China / J.-H. Liu, K. Okazaki, A. Mweene [et al.] // Virus Genes. – 2004. – Vol. 29 (3). – P. 329–334; DOI: 10.1007/s11262-004-7436-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic conservation of hemagglutinin gene of H9 influenza virus in chicken population in Mainland China. J.-H. Liu, K. Okazaki, A. Mweene [et al.]. Virus Genes. 2004; 29 (3): 329–334; DOI: 10.1007/s11262004-7436-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three avian infl uenza H9N2 subtypes in Guangxi / Z. Xie, J. Dong, X. Tang [et al.] // Virol. Sin. – 2009. – Vol. 24 (1). – P. 37–44; DOI: 10.1007/s12250-009-2985-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three avian infl uenza H9N2 subtypes in Guangxi. Z. Xie, J. Dong, X. Tang [et al.]. Virol. Sin. 2009; 24 (1): 37–44; DOI: 10.1007/s12250-009-2985-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Infection with avian infl uenza viruses // Terrestrial Animal Health Code / OIE. – 2019. – Vol. 2, Chap. 10.4. – URL: https://www.oie.int/standardsetting/terrestrial-code/access-online (дата обращения: 12.11.19).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Infection with avian infl uenza viruses. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. OIE. 2019; 2, Chap. 10.4. URL: https://www.oie.int/standard-setting/terrestrial-code/access-online (date of access: 12.11.19).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molecular evolution of H9N2 avian infl uenza viruses in Israel / I. Davidson, A. Fusaro, A. Heidari [et al.] // Virus Genes. – 2014. – Vol. 48 (3). – P. 457–463; DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1037-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molecular evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Israel. I. Davidson, A. Fusaro, A. Heidari [et al.]. Virus Genes. 2014; 48 (3): 457–463; DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1037-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A viruses of H9 haemagglutinin subtype / J. Banks, E. C. Speidel, P. A. Harris, D. J. Alexander // Avian Pathol. – 2000. – Vol. 29 (4). – P. 353–359; DOI: 10.1080/03079450050118485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A viruses of H9 haemagglutinin subtype. J. Banks, E. C. Speidel, P. A. Harris, D. J. Alexander. Avian Pathol. 2000; 29 (4): 353–359; DOI: 10.1080/03079450050118485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senne D. A. Avian influenza in the Western Hemisphere including the Pacific Islands and Australia // Avian Dis. – 2003. – Vol. 47 (Suppl. 3). – P. 798–805; DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senne D. A. Avian influenza in the Western Hemisphere including the Pacific Islands and Australia. Avian Dis. 2003; 47 (Suppl. 3): 798–805; DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spackman E. Influenza subtype identification with molecular methods // Methods Mol. Biol. – 2014. – Vol. 1161. – P. 119–123; DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spackman E. Influenza subtype identification with molecular methods. Methods Mol. Biol. 2014; 1161: 119–123; DOI: 10.1007/978-14939-0758-8_11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spackman E., Killian M. L. Avian influenza virus isolation, propagation, and titration in embryonated chicken eggs // Methods Mol. Biol. – 2014. – Vol. 1161. – P. 125–140; DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spackman E., Killian M. L. Avian infl uenza virus isolation, propagation, and titration in embryonated chicken eggs. Methods Mol. Biol. 2014; 1161: 125–140; DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Structure and receptor specifi city of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 infl uenza virus / J. Stevens, O. Blixt, T. M. Tumpey [et al.] // Science. – 2006. – Vol. 312 (5772). – P. 404–410; DOI: 10.1126/science.1124513.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Structure and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 infl uenza virus. J. Stevens, O. Blixt, T. M. Tumpey [et al.]. Science. 2006; 312 (5772): 404–410; DOI: 10.1126/science.1124513.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan H., Perez D. R. Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 infl uenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells // J. Virol. – 2007. – Vol. 81 (10). – P. 5181–5191; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02827-06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan H., Perez D. R. Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 infl uenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells. J. Virol. 2007; 81 (10): 5181–5191; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02827-06.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
