veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2019-3-30-3-8veterinary-422Research ArticleБОЛЕЗНИ СВИНЕЙPORCINE DISEASESВИРУС АФРИКАНСКОЙ ЧУМЫ СВИНЕЙ: ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ ПРИ АНАЛИЗЕ ПУТЕЙ ЕГО РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯAFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS: USE OF GENETIC MARKERS IN ANALYSIS OF ITS ROUTES OF SPREADhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-8393МазлумА.MazloumA.

Али Мазлум

Биолог, кандидат биологических наук

Ali Mazloum

Biologist, Candidate of Science (Biology)

ali.mazloum6@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-8026ИголкинА. С.IgolkinA. S.

Заведующий лабораторией, кандидат ветеринарных наук

Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine)

igolkin_as@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-7710ВласоваН. Н.VlasovaN. N.

Главный научный сотрудник, доктор биологических наук

Chief Researcher, Doctor of Science (Biology)

vlasova_nn@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-1898РоменскаяД. В.RomenskayaD. V.

Заведующий сектором, кандидат ветеринарных наук

Head of Sector, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine)

romenskaya@arriah.ruФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ», г. ВладимирРоссияFGBI "ARRIAH", VladimirRussian Federation20190210201903314Copyright © Мазлум А., Иголкин А.С., Власова Н.Н., Роменская Д.В., 20192019Мазлум А., Иголкин А.С., Власова Н.Н., Роменская Д.В.Mazloum A., Igolkin A.S., Vlasova N.N., Romenskaya D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/422

На сегодняшний день эффективных мер специфической профилактики и лечения африканской чумы свиней не разработано. Стратегия борьбы с болезнью направлена на быструю диагностику инфицированных животных с последующим убоем и деконтаминационными мероприятиями (стемпинг аут). В настоящем обзоре представлена современная эпизоотическая ситуация по африканской чуме свиней, рассмотрены особенности генетической организации вируса и принципы генетической дифференциации изолятов. Российская Федерация неблагополучна по африканской чуме свиней с 2007 года. С этого времени заболевание является одной из ключевых проблем свиноводческой отрасли нашей страны, нанося огромный прямой и косвенный экономический ущерб. Болезнь продолжает неумолимо распространяться. Так, в январе 2014 года африканская чума свиней была занесена на территорию Литвы, позднее охватила Польшу, Латвию, Эстонию, Румынию, Венгрию, Бельгию, Молдову, а с 2018 года вспышки болезни регистрировали уже и в Азии (Китай, Вьетнам, Монголия). Особая структура вируса, длинный нерасшифрованный геном, включая гены с неизвестной функцией, а также циркуляция 24 генотипов и 9 серотипов вируса являются причиной отсутствия эффективной вакцины против африканской чумы свиней. Показано, что использование большого количества специфических генетических маркеров при определении родства и изучении путей распространения вируса африканской чумы свиней в мире является наиболее точным методом.

At present no effective measures for specific prevention and treatment of African swine fever have been developed. The control strategy for the disease is designed for rapid diagnosis of infected animals with subsequent slaughter and decontamination (stamping out). The present review deals with current epidemic situation for African swine fever and examines features of the virus genomics and genetic differentiation of the isolates. The Russian Federation has been ASF-infected since 2007. Since that time the disease has been one of the key problems in pig farming of this country inflicting great economic losses, both directly and indirectly. The disease continues to spread. In January 2014 African swine fever was introduced to Lithuania, then pervaded Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Belgium and Moldova. Since 2018 the disease outbreaks have been reported in Asia (China, Vietnam, and Mongolia). Specific structure of the virus and long genome, encoding genes with unknown function, and circulation of 24 genotypes and 9 serotypes of the virus hinder the development of ASF vaccine. The article shows that the use of many specific genetic markers during determination of relationship and study of pathways of ASF virus global spread is the most accurate method.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.