veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2018-4-27-63-67veterinary-394Research ArticleОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫGENERAL ISSUESИММУНОПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПАРВОВИРУСНОГО ЭНТЕРИТА СОБАКIMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF CANINE PARVOVIRAL ENTERITISШаталовА. В.ShatalovA. V.

Аспирант кафедры эпизоотологии и микробиологии

Ставрополь

Post-Graduate Student of the Chair for Epizootology and Microbiology

Stavropol

shatalov.ssau@mail.ruДанниковС. П.DannikovS. P.

Доцент кафедры физиологии, хирургии и акушерства, кандидат биологических наук

Ставрополь

Associate Professor of the Chair for Physiology, Surgery and Midwifery, Candidate of Science (Biology)

Stavropol

ds.as@mail.ruКононовА. Н.KononovA. N.

Профессор кафедры эпизоотологии и микробиологии, доктор ветеринарных наук

Ставрополь

Professor of the Chair for Epizootology and Microbiology, Doctor of Science (Veterinary Medicine)

Stavropol

fvm-fvm@yandex.ruСкрипкинВ. С.SkripkinV. S.

Доцент кафедры физиологии, хирургии и акушерства, кандидат ветеринарных наук

Ставрополь

Associate Professor of the Chair for Physiology, Surgery and Midwifery, Candidate of Science (Veterinary Medicine)

Stavropol

SkripkinVS@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский ГАУ»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ”Stavropol State Agrarian University”Russian Federation201826012019046367Copyright © Шаталов А.В., Данников С.П., Кононов А.Н., Скрипкин В.С., 20192019Шаталов А.В., Данников С.П., Кононов А.Н., Скрипкин В.С.Shatalov A.V., Dannikov S.P., Kononov A.N., Skripkin V.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/394

В обзоре обобщены сведения о специфике формирования поствакцинального иммунитета у собак к возбудителю парвовирусного энтерита и представлен анализ данного иммунитета. Поиск публикаций осуществлялся в библиографических и реферативных базах данных РИНЦ, Scopus, Web of Science, Agris, PubMed, поисковой системе Google Scholar и электронной библиотеке диссертаций РГБ. Установлено, что наиболее эффективна 3-кратная вакцинация щенков, при этом последнее введение вакцины должно осуществляться в возрасте 16 нед или позже. При необходимости допускается введение вакцины в 4-недельном возрасте, а также беременным особям. После иммунизации темпы прироста титра антител к парвовирусному энтериту не зависят от половой принадлежности собак и вида вакцин, но могут изменяться в зависимости от возраста, массы тела и наличия материнских антител. Показатели титров материнских антител к парвовирусу собак 2-го типа у новорожденных щенков демонстрируют широкую индивидуальную инвариантность. Применение иммуномодуляторов в качестве адъювантов в составе вакцин является оправданным средством для сохранения высокого титра антител к парвовирусу собак 2-го типа в поствакцинальный период, а применение современных ДНК-вакцин – разумной альтернативой традиционной вакцинации. Вероятность возникновения осложнений после введения ассоциированной вакцины, содержащей антигены возбудителя парвовирусного энтерита собак, составляет около 3,8%, а предрасполагающими факторами риска является кастрация, низкая масса тела и возраст моложе 9 мес. Современные вакцины, для изготовления которых используется штамм NL-35-D CPV-2, полностью защищают от других вирулентных штаммов парвовируса собак 2-го типа.

Data on the specifcity of the development of post-vaccination immunity against parvovirus enteritis agent in dogs are summarized and analyzed in the review. The publications were searched for using the following bibliographical and reference databases: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), Scopus, Web of Science, Agris, PubMed, as well as Google Scholar search system and the electronic library of theses of the Russian State Library (RSL). Triple vaccination of puppies was found to be the most effective, therewith the puppies shall be last vaccinated at the age of 16-weeks or older. Where necessary, vaccination of 4-week-old puppies and pregnant dogs is allowed. After immunization, the rates of increase in anti-canine parvovirus enteritis antibody titre do not depend on the sex of dogs or vaccine type but can vary depending on age, body weight and the presence of maternal antibodies. The titres of maternal antibodies against canine parvovirus type 2 in newborn puppies demonstrate broad individual invariance. The use of immunomodulators as adjuvants in vaccine composition is proved to be effective to maintain the high titre of antibodies against canine parvovirus type 2 in the post-vaccination period, and the modern DNA-vaccine is a reasonable alternative to conventional vaccination. The probability of adverse reactions resulting from the administration of a combined vaccine containing canine parvovirus enteritis agent antigen is 3.8%; the predisposing risk factors are the following: neutering, low body weight and the age of less than 9 months old. Contemporary vaccines based on NL-35-D CPV-2 strain confer the full protection from other virulent strains of canine parvovirus type 2.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.