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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-3-241-251</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-1037</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ МЕЛКИХ ДОМАШНИХ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS | DISEASES OF SMALL PETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиология и патогенез лептоспироза: общие закономерности и особенности проявления у собак (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiology and pathogenesis of leptospirosis: general patterns and features of manifestation in dogs (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8945-2554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быковцева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykovtseva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быковцева Дарья Андреевна, аспирант, ветеринарный врач лаборатории профилактики болезней мелких домашних животных</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Bykovtseva, Postgraduate Student, Veterinarian, Laboratory for Pets Diseases Prevention</p><p> ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykovceva@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-0683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербинин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbinin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербинин Сергей Владимирович, канд. вет. наук, научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Shcherbinin, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p> ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sherbinin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-8537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Татьяна Сергеевна, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики болезней мелких домашних животных</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana S. Galkina, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Pets Diseases Prevention</p><p> ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galkina_ts@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздев</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdev</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Груздев Константин Николаевич, д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Gruzdev, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p> ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gruzdev@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>251</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быковцева Д.А., Щербинин С.В., Галкина Т.С., Груздев К.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быковцева Д.А., Щербинин С.В., Галкина Т.С., Груздев К.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykovtseva D.A., Shcherbinin S.V., Galkina T.S., Gruzdev K.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1037">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1037</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Лептоспироз – инфекционная болезнь, опасная для человека и животных. Ключевым звеном в передаче инфекции человеку являются собаки. На территории Российской Федерации для собак актуальны серогруппы Canicola и Icterohaemorrhagiae как наиболее вирулентные, но возможно заражение и другими серогруппами Leptospira spp. Тяжесть болезни определяется факторами патогенности лептоспир. Из-за зоонозного характера лептоспироза вакцинация собак – элемент санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия. Регулярная иммунизация снижает риск заражения людей и предотвращает вспышки. При выборе вакцин учитывают ограниченность перекрестной защиты между серогруппами, предпочитая поливалентные препараты. Однако существующие вакцины не обеспечивают надежной защиты из-за неактуального состава серогрупп. Персистенция возбудителя в организме животных и его выделение в среду снижают эффективность профилактики. Необходим комплексный подход к предотвращению заражения собак и передачи патогена человеку.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Актуализировать и систематизировать данные по лептоспирозу собак, вызываемому Leptospira interrogans.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для аналитического исследования служили научные публикации зарубежных и отечественных авторов, размещенные в библиографических базах данных еLibrary, КиберЛенинка, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar и др.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В аналитическом обзоре приведены актуальные данные об эпизоотической и эпидемиологической ситуации по лептоспирозу в Российской Федерации, рассмотрены свойства возбудителя, представлена классификация лептоспир, описаны клинические и патолого-анатомические признаки болезни. Охарактеризованы применяемые в ветеринарной практике современные методы лабораторной диагностики, лечения и профилак тики лептоспироза собак, обозначены актуальные проблемы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Лептоспироз широко распространен среди собак. Лептоспиры способны адаптироваться и персистировать в организме-хозяине, вызывая хроническое течение болезни, что угрожает здоровью людей и животных. Сложность патогенеза, многообразие серотипов и внутриклеточная персистенция затрудняют элиминацию возбудителя. Современные методы диагностики и лечения требуют совершенствования. Необходимы исследования для разработки эффективных схем профилактики и терапии, включая новые подходы к специфической профилактике у собак. Таким образом, лептоспироз остается актуальной проблемой ветеринарной медицины, требующей комплексного подхода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease hazardous to both humans and animals. Dogs serve as a key link in transmitting the infection to humans. Within the Russian Federation, the Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups are of primary relevance for dogs as the most virulent ones, although infection with other Leptospira spp. serogroups remains possible. The severity of the disease is determined by the pathogenicity factors of leptospires. Due to the zoonotic nature of leptospirosis, canine vaccination is a vital element of sanitary and epidemiological freedom. Regular immunization reduces the risk of human infection and prevents outbreaks. When selecting vaccines, the limited cross-protection between serogroups should be considered, with polyvalent products being preferred. However, existing vaccines do not provide reliable protection due to outdated serogroup compositions. The persistence of the causative agent within the animal host and its shedding into the environment diminish the effectiveness of prevention. A comprehensive approach is required to prevent canine infection and subsequent causative agent transmission to humans.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To update and systemize data on canine leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Scientific publications by foreign and domestic authors available in bibliographic databases such as eLibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and others served as the material for this analytical study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This analytical review presents up-to-date data on the epizootic and epidemiological situation regarding leptospirosis in the Russian Federation. It examines the properties of the causative agent, presents the classification of leptospires, and describes the clinical and post-mortem lesions of the disease. Furthermore, the review characterizes modern methods of laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of canine leptospirosis currently applied in veterinary practice, and outlines existing challenges.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Leptospirosis is widespread in dogs. Leptospires are capable of adapting and persisting in the host organism, causing a chronic course of the disease, which poses a threat to human and animal health. The complexity of pathogenesis, the diversity of serotypes and intracellular persistence complicate the eradication of the causative agent. Current diagnostic and treatment methods require improvement. Research is needed to develop effective prevention and therapy protocols, including new approaches to specific prevention in dogs. Thus, leptospirosis remains a pressing issue in veterinary medicine requiring a comprehensive approach.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>лептоспироз</kwd><kwd>лептоспиры</kwd><kwd>спирохеты</kwd><kwd>собаки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>leptospirosis</kwd><kwd>leptospires</kwd><kwd>spirochetes</kwd><kwd>dogs</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках тематики научно-исследовательских работ «Ветеринарное благополучие».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the Federal Centre for Animal Health as a part of research activities “Animal Disease Freedom”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adler B., de la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. 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