veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-3-216-225veterinary-1034Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТАREVIEWS | BOVINE DISEASESЭпизоотическая геморрагическая болезнь жвачных: современные знания (обзор)Epizootic hemorrhagic disease of ruminants: current knowledge (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-0218БеспаловаТ. Ю.BespalovaT. Yu.

Беспалова Татьяна Юрьевна, начальник группы

ул. Магнитогорская, 8, г. Самара, 443013

Tatiana Yu. Bespalova, Head of Group

ul. Magnitogorskaya, 8, Samara 443013

27bt@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-6027МихалеваТ. В.MikhalevaT. V.

Михалева Татьяна Владимировна, канд. вет. наук, ученый секретарь

ул. Магнитогорская, 8, г. Самара, 443013

Tatyana V. Mikhaleva, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Academic Secretary

ul. Magnitogorskaya, 8, Samara 443013

tatyanamihaleva@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ); Самарский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ (СамНИВИ – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦВиМ)РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology; Samara Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of Federal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation202623092026153216225Copyright © Беспалова Т.Ю., Михалева Т.В., 20262026Беспалова Т.Ю., Михалева Т.В.Bespalova T.Y., Mikhaleva T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1034Введение

Введение. Эпизоотическая геморрагическая болезнь – это трансмиссивное инфекционное неконтагиозное заболевание диких и домашних жвачных животных, проявляющееся застойными и геморрагическими явлениями. Возбудитель – вирус из рода Orbivirus семейства Sedoreoviridae, который передается между восприимчивыми животными через укусы членистоногих переносчиков рода Culicoides. За последние 20 лет возбудитель эпизоотической геморрагической болезни распространился в новые регионы, с 2022 г. на территории Южной Европы стали регистрировать массовые вспышки заболевания среди крупного рогатого скота, что создало серьезную угрозу для отрасли животноводства.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Обобщение и анализ современных опубликованных данных о глобальной ситуации по эпизоотической геморрагической болезни.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Применялись аналитические методы исследований с использованием баз данных PubMed, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Google Scholar, еLibrary, КиберЛенинка.

Результаты

Результаты. Приведена краткая характеристика возбудителя заболевания. К настоящему времени в мире идентифицировано семь серотипов вируса эпизоотической геморрагической болезни, а недавно сообщалось о новом серотипе 10. Наблюдается глобальное географическое распространение вируса эпизоотической геморрагической болезни на всех континентах с региональными особенностями распределения серотипов. Серотипы 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 обладают повышенной патогенностью и вызывают вспышки эпизоотической геморрагической болезни среди оленей и крупного рогатого скота. В обзоре кратко обсуждаются факторы, способствующие распространению вируса эпизоотической геморрагической болезни на новые территории, описаны клинические признаки заболевания у восприимчивых животных, определены основные меры профилактики и контроля для снижения риска возникновения вспышек болезни и обозначены пробелы в исследованиях.

Заключение

Заключение. Способность вируса эпизоотической геморрагической болезни к рекомбинации, появление высоковирулентных штаммов, прогрессирующее расширение ареала активности переносчиков могут привести к крупным вспышкам со значительными экономическими потерями в животноводческом секторе, включая страны Европы и Азии. В современных условиях необходимо усилить энтомологический и вирусологический надзор для раннего выявления вируса эпизоотической геморрагической болезни среди жвачных животных и контроля за его распространением.

Introduction

Introduction. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a vector-borne, infectious, non-contagious disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants, characterized by congestive and hemorrhagic manifestations. The causative agent is a virus of the genus Orbivirus family Sedoreoviridae, which is transmitted between susceptible animals through the bites of Culicoides midges. Over the past 20 years, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has spread to new regions. Since 2022, large scale outbreaks among cattle have been reported in Southern Europe, posing a serious threat to the livestock industry.

Objective

Objective. To summarize and analyze current published data on the global situation regarding EHD.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Analytical research methods were employed using the following databases: PubMed, Willey Online Library, MDPI, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka.

Results

Results. A brief description of the disease’s causative agent is provided. To date, seven serotypes of EHDV have been identified worldwide, with a novel serotype 10 recently reported. A global geographical spread of EHDV across all continents is observed, with regional variations in serotype distribution. Serotypes 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, and 10 exhibit increased pathogenicity, causing EHD outbreaks in deer and cattle. This review briefly discusses the factors contributing to the spread of EHDV to new territories. It also describes clinical signs of EHD in susceptible animals, outlines key prevention and control measures to reduce the risk of new outbreaks, and identifies current research gaps.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The ability of EHDV to undergo recombination, the emergence of highly virulent strains, and the progressive expansion of vector ranges may lead to large-scale outbreaks with significant economic losses in the livestock sector, including European and Asian countries. In current conditions, it is necessary to enhance entomological and virological surveillance for the early detection and control of EHDV spread among ruminants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.