<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-2-184-192</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-1019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ распространения  антибиотикорезистентности среди изолятов бактерий группы кишечной палочки, выделенных из пищевой продукции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance in coliform isolates recovered from food products</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юлдашева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuldasheva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлдашева Анастасия Николаевна, заместитель заведующего отделом микробиологических исследований Владимирской испытательной лаборатории</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia N. Yuldasheva, Deputy Head, Department for Microbiological Testing, Vladimir Testing Laboratory</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuldasheva@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-1269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадрова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадрова Наталья Борисовна, канд. биол. наук, заведующий отделом микробиологических исследований Владимирской испытательной лаборатории</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya B. Shadrova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of Department for Microbiological Testing, Vladimir Testing Laboratory</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shadrova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-7339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прунтова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pruntova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прунтова Ольга Владиславовна, д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Pruntova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pruntova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>184</fpage><lpage>192</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юлдашева А.Н., Шадрова Н.Б., Прунтова О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юлдашева А.Н., Шадрова Н.Б., Прунтова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuldasheva A.N., Shadrova N.B., Pruntova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1019">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1019</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ежегодно в мире увеличивается количество случаев заболеваний, вызванных антибиотикорезистентными микроорганизмами. В настоящее время разрабатываются и реализуются меры, направленные на противодействие распространению устойчивости бактерий к антибиотикам. Одной из ключевых стратегий является систематический мониторинг резистентности микроорганизмов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Изучить распространенность устойчивости к антибактериальным препаратам у изолятов Escherichia coli и других представителей бактерий группы кишечной палочки (БГКП), выделенных из образцов пищевой продукции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовали изоляты БГКП, выделенные из образцов пищевой продукции и воды. Идентификацию бактерий проводили биохимическим методом с использованием набора API 20 E и методом времяпролетной масс-спектрометрии. Устойчивость к антимикробным препаратам определяли диско-диффузионным методом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В течение 2024 г. во Владимирской испытательной лаборатории ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» было проведено 2667 исследований образцов пищевой продукции и воды по показателю «содержание бактерий группы кишечной палочки». Выделено 134 изолята БГКП. При изучении антибиотикорезистентности выделенных изолятов установлен высокий процент резистентности к налидиксовой кислоте, левофлоксацину, цефалотину, ципрофлоксацину и тетрациклину. Представлены данные по изолятам Escherichia coli, обладающим устойчивостью к цефалоспоринам III и IV поколения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлена 100%-я чувствительность изолятов БГКП к антибиотикам группы карбапенемов. Наибольшую резистентность выделенные изоляты показали к хинолонам, фторхинолонам, цефалоспоринам и тетрациклинам. Среди изолятов Escherichia coli высокий уровень устойчивости отмечен к антибиотикам группы хинолонов, фторхинолонов и тетрациклинов. Изоляты Citrobacter spp. и Enterobacter spp. проявили резистентность к антибактериальным препаратам из группы пенициллинов и цефалоспоринов. Изоляты Cronobacter spp. обладали устойчивостью к антибиотикам группы пенициллинов, хинолонов и фторхинолонов. В ходе работы выделены изоляты БГКП, обладающие полирезистентностью к антимикробным препаратам, которые были обнаружены главным образом в продукции животного происхождения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The global incidence of the diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is increasing annually. At present, measures are being developed and implemented to combat the spread of bacteria resistance to antibiotics. A key strategy in this effort is the systematic monitoring of microbial resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance in Escherichia coli and other coliform isolates recovered from food product samples.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Coliform isolates recovered from food and water samples were used for this study. The bacteria were identified by biochemical methods using API 20 E kit and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic resistance was determined with disc diffusion method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 2,667 tests of food and water samples for coliforms were carried out at the Vladimir Testing Laboratory of the Federal Centre for Animal Health in 2024; 134 coliform isolates were recovered. Tests of the recovered isolates for their antibiotic resistance showed high resistance rates to nalidixic acid, levofloxacin, cefalotin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Additionally, data on Escherichia coli isolates resistant to third-generation and fourth-generation cephalosporins are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Coliform isolates showed 100% susceptibility to carbapenems. The recovered isolates exhibited the highest resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines. Escherichia coli isolates demonstrated high resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Citrobacter spp. and En terobacter spp. isolates were resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, while Cronobacter spp. isolates were resistant to penicillins, quinolones, and fluoroquinolones. Polyresistant coliforms were isolated during the study, they were predominantly detected in products of animal origin.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевая продукция</kwd><kwd>бактерии группы кишечной палочки</kwd><kwd>БГКП</kwd><kwd>энтеробактерии</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>полирезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food products</kwd><kwd>coliforms</kwd><kwd>Enterobacteriaceae</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>polyresistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках тематики научно-исследовательских работ «Ветеринарное благополучие».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the Federal Centre for Animal Health within the research topic “Veterinary Welfare”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Землянко О. М., Рогоза Т. М., Журавлева Г. А. Механизмы множественной устойчивости бактерий к антибиотикам. Экологическая генетика. 2018; 16 (3): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1634-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemlyanko O. M., Rogoza T. M., Zhouravleva G. A. Mechanisms of bacterial multiresistance to antibiotics. Ecological genetics. 2018; 16 (3): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1634-17 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohr K. I. History of Antibiotics Research. In: How to Overcome the Antibiotic Crisis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Eds. M. Stadler, P. Dersch. 2016; 398: 237–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2016_499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohr K. I. History of Antibiotics Research. In: How to Overcome the Antibiotic Crisis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Eds. M. Stadler, P. Dersch. 2016; 398: 237–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2016_499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова О. И., Лискова Е. А., Михалева Т. В., Блохин А. А. Антибиотикорезистентность: эволюционные предпосылки, механизмы, последствия. Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока. 2018; 64 (3): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.64.3.13-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova O. I., Liskova E. A., Mikhaleva T. V., Blokhin A. A. Antibiotic resistance: evolutionary prerequisites, mechanisms, consequences. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2018; 64 (3): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.64.3.13-21 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bo L., Sun H., Li Y.-D., Zhu J., Wurpel J. N. D., Lin H., Chen Z.-S. Combating antimicrobial resistance: the silent war. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024; 15:1347750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1347750</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bo L., Sun H., Li Y.-D., Zhu J., Wurpel J. N. D., Lin H., Chen Z.-S. Combating antimicrobial resistance: the silent war. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024; 15:1347750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1347750</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naghavi M., Vollset S. E., Ikuta K. S., Swetschinski L. R., Gray A. P., Wool E. E., et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. The Lancet. 2024; 404 (10459): 1199–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01867-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naghavi M., Vollset S. E., Ikuta K. S., Swetschinski L. R., Gray A. P., Wool E. E., et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. The Lancet. 2024; 404 (10459): 1199–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01867-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайко Е. В., Батаева Д. С. Идентификация рисков, связанных с сырьем животного происхождения. Теория и практика переработки мяса. 2018; 3 (4): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.21323/2414-438X2018-3-4-23-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zajko E. V., Bataeva D. S. Identification of risks associated with raw materials of animal origin. Theory and Practice of Meat Processing. 2018; 3 (4): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.21323/2414-438X-2018-3-4-23-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Донник И. Антибиотикорезистентность: актуальность возрастает. Животноводство России. 2022; (4): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.25701/ZZR.2022.04.04.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donnik I. Antibiotic resistance: becoming more relevant. Animal Husbandry of Russia. 2022; (4): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.25701/ZZR.2022.04.04.010 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исакова М. Н., Соколова О. В., Безбородова Н. А., Кривоногова А. С., Исаева А. Г., Зубарева В. Д. Антибиотикорезистентность клинических изолятов Escherichia coli, выделенных от животных. Ветеринария сегодня. 2022; 11 (1): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-1-14-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isakova M. N., Sokolova O. V., Bezborodova N. A., Krivonogova A. S., Isaeva A. G., Zubareva V. D. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates obtained from animals. Veterinary Science Today. 2022; 11 (1): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.29326/2304-196X-2022-11-1-14-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Отамуратова Н. Х., Абдухалилова Г. К. Динамика резистентности уропатогенных штаммов Escherichia coli к антибактериальным препаратам. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2024; 26 (2): 236–240. https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2024.2.236-240</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otamuratova N. Kh., Abdukhalilova G. K. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2024; 26 (2): 236–240. https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2024.2.236-240 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikuta K. S., Swetschinski L. R., Aguilar G. R., Sharara F., Mestrovic T., Gray A. P., et al. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 2022; 400 (10369): 2221–2248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikuta K. S., Swetschinski L. R., Aguilar G. R., Sharara F., Mestrovic T., Gray A. P., et al. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 2022; 400 (10369): 2221–2248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белобородов В. Б., Гусаров В. Г., Дехнич А. В., Замятин М. Н., Зубарева Н. А., Зырянов С. К. и др. Диагностика и антимикробная терапия инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными микроорганизмами. Методические рекомендации Российской некоммерческой общественной организации «Ассоциация анестезиологов-реаниматологов», Межрегиональной общественной организации «Альянс клинических химиотерапевтов и микробиологов», Межрегиональной ассоциации по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии (МАКМАХ), общественной организации «Российский Сепсис Форум». Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2020; 17 (1): 52–83. https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-1-52-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beloborodov V. B., Gusarov V. G., Dekhnich A. V., Zamyatin M. N., Zubareva N. A., Zyryanov S. K., et al. Diagnostics and antimicrobial therapy of the infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. Guidelines of the Association of Anesthesiologists-Intensivists, the Interregional NonGovernmental Organization Alliance of Clinical Chemotherapists and Microbiologists, the Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (IACMAC), and NGO Russian Sepsis Forum. Messenger of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. 2020; 17 (1): 52–83. https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-1-52-83 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samreen, Ahmad I., Malak H. A., Abulreesh H. H. Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2021; 27: 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samreen, Ahmad I., Malak H. A., Abulreesh H. H. Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2021; 27: 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christaki E., Marcou M., Tofarides A. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria: mechanisms, evolution, and persistence. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 2020; 88 (1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-019-09914-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christaki E., Marcou M., Tofarides A. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria: mechanisms, evolution, and persistence. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 2020; 88 (1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-019-09914-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senchyna F., Gaur R. L., Sandlund J., Truong C., Tremintin G., Kültz D., et al. Diversity of resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a health care system in Northern California, from 2013 to 2016. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2019; 93 (3): 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senchyna F., Gaur R. L., Sandlund J., Truong C., Tremintin G., Kültz D., et al. Diversity of resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a health care system in Northern California, from 2013 to 2016. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2019; 93 (3): 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bologna E., Licari L. C., Manfredi C., Ditonno F., Cirillo L., Fusco G. M., et al. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in urinary tract infections: from biological insights to emerging therapeutic alternatives. Medicina. 2024; 60 (2):214. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020214</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bologna E., Licari L. C., Manfredi C., Ditonno F., Cirillo L., Fusco G. M., et al. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in urinary tract infections: from biological insights to emerging therapeutic alternatives. Medicina. 2024; 60 (2):214. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020214</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo Q., Lu P., Chen Y., Shen P., Zheng B., Ji J., et al. ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance. Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections. 2024; 13:2317915. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo Q., Lu P., Chen Y., Shen P., Zheng B., Ji J., et al. ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance. Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections. 2024; 13:2317915. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez F., Fuenzalida V., Ramos R., Escobar B., Neira V., Borie C., et al. Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2021; 68 (3): 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12818</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez F., Fuenzalida V., Ramos R., Escobar B., Neira V., Borie C., et al. Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2021; 68 (3): 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12818</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376776/9789240093461-eng.pdf?sequence=1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376776/9789240093461-eng.pdf?sequence=1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов О. Э., Гусаров В. Г., Замятин М. Н., Орлова О. А., Петрова Л. В., Камышова Д. А. и др. Управление антибиотикорезистентностью в стационаре: современные реалии и перспективы. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2020; 22 (4): 277–286. https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2020.4.277-286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpov O. E., Gusarov V. G., Zamyatin M. N., Orlova O. A., Petrova L. V., Kamyshova D. A., et al. Management of antimicrobial resistance in a hospital: current state and future prospects. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2020; 22 (4): 277–286. https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2020.4.277-286 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макавчик С. А. Ветеринарный мониторинг антибиотикорезистентности как инструмент инфекционной безопасности. Нормативно-правовое регулирование в ветеринарии. 2023; (3): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.3.42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makavchik S. A. Veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance as a tool of infectious safety. Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine. 2023; (3): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.3.42 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Определение чувствительности микроорганизмов к антимикробным препаратам: рекомендации. https://www.antibiotic.ru/files/321/clrecdsma2021.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Determination of susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs: recommendations. https://www.antibiotic.ru/files/321/clrec-dsma2021.pdf (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние антибиотикорезистентности бактериальных возбудителей инфекций в Российской Федерации: аналитический отчет. https://www.antibiotic.ru/files/406/analiticheskij_otchet_202.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Current situation on antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens in the Russian Federation: an analytical report. https://www.antibiotic.ru/files/406/analiticheskij_otchet_202.pdf (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suay-García B., Pérez-Gracia M. T. Present and future of carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. Antibiotics. 2019; 8 (3):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suay-García B., Pérez-Gracia M. T. Present and future of carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. Antibiotics. 2019; 8 (3):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baran A., Kwiatkowska A., Potocki L. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance – A short story of an endless arms race. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24 (6):5777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065777</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baran A., Kwiatkowska A., Potocki L. Antibiotics and bacterial resistance – A short story of an endless arms race. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24 (6):5777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065777</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habib I., Elbediwi M., Mohamed M.-Y. I., Ghazawi A., Abdalla A., Khalifa H. O., Khan M. Enumeration, antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from supermarket chicken meat in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2023; 398: 110224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habib I., Elbediwi M., Mohamed M.-Y. I., Ghazawi A., Abdalla A., Khalifa H. O., Khan M. Enumeration, antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from supermarket chicken meat in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2023; 398: 110224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel J., Harant A., Fernandes G., Mwamelo A. J., Hein W., Dekker D., Sridhar D. Measuring the global response to antimicrobial resistance, 2020–21: a systematic governance analysis of 114 countries. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2023; 23 (6): 706–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00796-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel J., Harant A., Fernandes G., Mwamelo A. J., Hein W., Dekker D., Sridhar D. Measuring the global response to antimicrobial resistance, 2020–21: a systematic governance analysis of 114 countries. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2023; 23 (6): 706–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S14733099(22)00796-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva A., Silva V., Pereira J. E., Maltez L., Igrejas G., Valentão P., et al. Antimicrobial resistance and clonal lineages of Escherichia coli from foodproducing animals. Antibiotics. 2023; 12 (6):1061. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/antibiotics12061061</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva A., Silva V., Pereira J. E., Maltez L., Igrejas G., Valentão P., et al. Antimicrobial resistance and clonal lineages of Escherichia coli from foodproducing animals. Antibiotics. 2023; 12 (6):1061. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/antibiotics12061061</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелёва С. А. Антибиотикоустойчивые микроорганизмы в пище как гигиеническая проблема (обзорная статья). Гигиена и санитария. 2018; 97 (4): 342–354. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-4-342-354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheveleva S. A. Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in food as a hygienic problem. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2018; 97 (4): 342–354. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-4-342-354 (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибиркина М. М., Нитяга И. М., Смотрина Ю. В. Оценка частоты и спектра антибиотикорезистентности у Е. coli и Еnterococcus spp., выделенных из пищевой продукции. Российский журнал «Проблемы ветеринарной санитарии, гигиены и экологии». 2022; 3 (43): 299–304. https://elibrary.ru/hmztsa</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibirkina M. M., Nityaga I. M., Smotrina J. V. Еvaluation of the frequency and spectrum of antibiotic resistance in Е. coli and Еnterococcus spp., isolated from food products. Russian Journal “Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology”. 2022; 3 (43): 299–304. https://elibrary.ru/hmztsa (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaesbohrer A., Bakran-Lebl K., Irrgang A., Fischer J., Kämpf P., Schiffmann A., et al. Diversity in prevalence and characteristics of ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli in food in Germany. Veterinary Microbiology. 2019; 233: 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaesbohrer A., Bakran-Lebl K., Irrgang A., Fischer J., Kämpf P., Schiffmann A., et al. Diversity in prevalence and characteristics of ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli in food in Germany. Veterinary Microbiology. 2019; 233: 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rohde A. M., Zweigner J., Wiese-Posselt M., Schwab F., Behnke M., Kola A., et al. Incidence of infections due to third generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae – a prospective multicentre cohort study in six German university hospitals. Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control. 2018; 7:159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0452-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rohde A. M., Zweigner J., Wiese-Posselt M., Schwab F., Behnke M., Kola A., et al. Incidence of infections due to third generation cephalosporinresistant Enterobacteriaceae – a prospective multicentre cohort study in six German university hospitals. Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control. 2018; 7:159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0452-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clemente L., Leão C., Moura L., Albuquerque T., Amaro A. Prevalence and characterization of ESBL/AmpC producing Escherichia coli from fresh meat in Portugal. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (11):1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clemente L., Leão C., Moura L., Albuquerque T., Amaro A. Prevalence and characterization of ESBL/AmpC producing Escherichia coli from fresh meat in Portugal. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (11):1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111333</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
