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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-2-139-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-1013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ЯЩУР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ свойств масляных  адъювантов компании VITAVAC в составе инактивированных вакцин против ящура</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of VITAVAC oil adjuvants formulated in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6242-9886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кара</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kara</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кара Дмитрий Игоревич, аспирант, ветеринарный врач лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Kara, Postgraduate Student, Veterinarian, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kara@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-6559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доронин Максим Игоревич, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Doronin, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doronin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Алексей Валерьевич, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Borisov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisov_av@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалишин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalishin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалишин Дмитрий Валерьевич, д-р вет. наук, главный эксперт информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Mikhalishin, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Chief Expert, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihalishindv@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9538-5657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалишин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalishin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалишин Валерий Васильевич, д-р вет. наук, профессор,главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитическогоцентра ФГБУ  «ВНИИЗЖ», г.  Владимир, Россия; </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Mikhalishin, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guseva_mn@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-3390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусева Марина Николаевна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Guseva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guseva_mn@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жбанова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhbanova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жбанова Татьяна Валентиновна, канд. вет. наук, младший научный сотрудник отдела образования и научной информации</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Zhbanova, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Junior Researcher, Education and Scientific Support Department</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhbanova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8403-8665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оковытая</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okovytaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оковытая Татьяна Владимировна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Okovytaya, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okovitaya@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кара Д.И., Доронин М.И., Борисов А.В., Михалишин Д.В., Михалишин В.В., Гусева М.Н., Жбанова Т.В., Оковытая Т.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кара Д.И., Доронин М.И., Борисов А.В., Михалишин Д.В., Михалишин В.В., Гусева М.Н., Жбанова Т.В., Оковытая Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kara D.I., Doronin M.I., Borisov A.V., Mikhalishin D.V., Mikhalishin V.V., Guseva M.N., Zhbanova T.V., Okovytaya T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1013">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1013</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ящур по-прежнему остается одной из наиболее значимых трансграничных вирусных инфекций сельскохозяйственных животных, что демонстрируют данные по эпизоотической ситуации за последние 5 лет. Для специфической профилактики данного заболевания применяют культуральные инактивированные вакцины. Для изготовления эмульсионных вакцинных препаратов требуется использование масляных адъювантов. В настоящее время на мировом рынке представлена широкая линейка данных компонентов, в частности новый продукт индийской компании VITAVAC.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Проведение сравнительного анализа свойств масляных адъювантов компании VITAVAC в составе инактивированных вакцин против ящура.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследовали следующие экспериментальные образцы масляных адъювантов: VITAVAC 50 (серия G-221), VITAVAC 70 (серия G-223), VITAVAC 250 (серия M-2508). Осуществляли анализ физико-химических свойств эмульсионных вакцин, изготовленных с применением данных адъювантов, а также определяли авирулентность, безвредность и иммуногенность в соответствии с требованиями Всемирной организации здравоохранения животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее оптимальное сочетание стабильности эмульсии при длительном хранении и выраженного иммунного ответа отмечено в экспериментальном образце вакцины, содержащей масляный адъювант VITAVAC 70. Препараты на основе VITAVAC 250 обеспечивали выработку вируснейтрализующих антител с титром выше 1,65 lg SN50 , однако уступали по стабильности эмульсии при хранении. Вакцина с масляным адъювантом VITAVAC 50 по сравнению с другими вариантами индуцировала образование более низкого уровня специфических вируснейтрализующих антител. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о перспективности использования масляных адъювантов линейки VITAVAC, прежде всего VITAVAC 70, для создания инактивированных вакцин против ящура.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Совокупность полученных данных позволяет рассматривать VITAVAC 70 как наиболее перспективный адъювант для использования в промышленном производстве инактивированных эмульсионных вакцин против ящура для свиней. Данный препарат сопоставим по ряду показателей с традиционно применяемыми масляными адъювантами Montanide ISA 206 VG и Montanide ISA 61 VG.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Foot-and-mouth disease remains one of the most significant transboundary viral infections of livestock, as evidenced by epizootic situation data over the past five years. Culture inactivated vaccines are used for the specific prevention of this disease. For the manufacture of emulsion vaccines, the use of oil adjuvants is essential. Currently, a wide range of these components is available on the global market, including a new product from the Indian company VITAVAC.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Comparative analysis of VITAVAC oil adjuvants formulated in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The following experimental samples of oil adjuvants were tested: VITAVAC 50 (Batch G-221), VITAVAC 70 (Batch G-223), VITAVAC 250 (Batch M-2508). The physicochemical properties of emulsion vaccines manufactured using these adjuvants were analyzed, and their innocuity, safety, and potency were evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the World Organisation for Animal Health.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The most favorable combination of emulsion stability after long-term storage and a pronounced immune response was observed in an experimental vaccine sample formulated with VITAVAC 70 oil adjuvant. Vaccines based on VITAVAC 250 induced virus-neutralizing antibodies with a titer above 1.65 lg SN50 , but exhibited lower emulsion stability during storage. The vaccine based on VITAVAC 50 oil adjuvant induced lower levels of specific virus-neutralizing antibodies than the other vaccine variants. The results obtained suggest that oil-based adjuvants of the VITAVAC line, particularly VITAVAC 70, are promising candidates for use in the production of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained support the view that VITAVAC 70 is the most promising adjuvant for use in the production of inactivated emulsion vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease for pigs. This product demonstrates comparable performance to the traditionally used oil adjuvants Montanide ISA 206 VG and Montanide ISA 61 VG across several parameters.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ящур</kwd><kwd>свиньи</kwd><kwd>инактивированная эмульсионная вакцина</kwd><kwd>масляные адъюванты</kwd><kwd>VITAVAC</kwd><kwd>Montanide</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>реакция микронейтрализации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foot-and-mouth disease</kwd><kwd>pigs</kwd><kwd>inactivated emulsion vaccine</kwd><kwd>oil adjuvants</kwd><kwd>VITAVAC</kwd><kwd>Montanide</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>micro-neutralization test</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» в рамках тематики научно-исследовательских работ «Ветеринарное благополучие».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed at the expense of the Federal Centre for Animal Health in the framework of scientific research on the topic “Veterinary Welfare”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arzt J., Sanderson M. 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