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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">veterinary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринария сегодня</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Veterinary Science Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2304-196X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6959</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"Veinard"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-2-131-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">veterinary-1012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ | ЯЩУР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES | FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование биологических свойств  экзотического штамма «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019» вируса ящура генетической линии O/EA-3, выявленного на территории Северной Африки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A study of the biological properties of the exotic foot-and-mouth disease virus O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 strain (lineage O/EA-3) isolated in North Africa</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-6559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доронин Максим Игоревич, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Doronin, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doronin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6242-9886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кара</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kara</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кара Дмитрий Игоревич, аспирант, ветеринарный врач лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Kara, Postgraduate Student, Veterinarian, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kara@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Алексей Валерьевич, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Borisov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisov_av@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-3390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусева Марина Николаевна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Guseva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guseva_mn@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-8992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елькина</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>El’kina</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елькина Юлия Сергеевна, канд. вет. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. El’kina, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Junior Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elkina_ys@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалишин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalishin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалишин Дмитрий Валерьевич, д-р вет. наук, главный эксперт информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Mikhalishin, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Chief Expert, Information and Analysis Centre,</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihalishin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9538-5657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалишин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalishin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалишин Валерий Васильевич, д-р вет. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Mikhalishin, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Information and Analysis Centre</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihalishin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8403-8665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оковытая</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okovytaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оковытая Татьяна Владимировна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории профилактики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Okovytaya, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for FMD Prevention</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okovitaya@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3390-3209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Виктор Викторович, канд. вет. наук, заведующий референтной лабораторией диагностики ящура </p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Nikiforov, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Reference Laboratory for FMD Diagnosis</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikiforov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Светлана Николаевна, канд. вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории диагностики ящура</p><p>ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Fomina, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Leading Researcher, Reference Laboratory for FMD Diagnosis</p><p>ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomina@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Доронин М.И., Кара Д.И., Борисов А.В., Гусева М.Н., Елькина Ю.С., Михалишин Д.В., Михалишин В.В., Оковытая Т.В., Никифоров В.В., Фомина С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Доронин М.И., Кара Д.И., Борисов А.В., Гусева М.Н., Елькина Ю.С., Михалишин Д.В., Михалишин В.В., Оковытая Т.В., Никифоров В.В., Фомина С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Doronin M.I., Kara D.I., Borisov A.V., Guseva M.N., El’kina Y.S., Mikhalishin D.V., Mikhalishin V.V., Okovytaya T.V., Nikiforov V.V., Fomina S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1012">https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1012</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Вспышки ящура, которые регистрировались на территории Африки в 2013–2023 гг. (Египет – 2013–2017, 2021 гг., Алжир – 2018, 2019, 2022 гг., Сенегал – 2018 г., Ливия – 2019, 2023 гг., Марокко – 2019 г., Тунис – 2019, 2022 гг.), были вызваны вирусом генотипа O/EA-3. Текущая эпизоотическая ситуация в регионе, а также наличие торгово-экономических связей Российской Федерации со странами Африканского континента диктует необходимость изучения штаммов вируса ящура генотипа O/EA-3 для создания средств диагностики и специфической профилактики опасного заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение биологических свойств штамма «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019» вируса ящура генетической линии O/EA-3, выявленного на территории Северной Африки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Штамм «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019» вируса ящура был выделен от крупного рогатого скота на территории Туниса в 2019 г. В ходе исследования применяли комплекс культуральных, серологических и молекулярно-генетических методов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам сравнительного анализа нуклеотидных последовательностей установлена принадлежность данного штамма к генетической линии O/EA-3. Показатель антигенного родства (r1 ) штамма «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019» с производственными штаммами вируса ящура находился в диапазоне от 0,01 до 0,54. В организме крупного рогатого скота вирус ящура изучаемого штамма накапливался с титром инфекционной активности 5,00 lg ИД50 /0,1 см3, а в организме свиней – 4,75 lg ИД50 /0,1 см3. Антиген вируса ящура штамма «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019» использовали для получения штаммоспецифических сывороток крови кролика, предназначенных для диагностики ящура, и изготовления культуральной инактивированной моновалентной сорбированной вакцины, обеспечивающей защиту от заражения вирусом ящура экзотического штамма.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведено исследование биологических свойств штамма вируса ящура генетической линии O/EA-3, выявленного на территории Северной Африки. Учитывая близкое антигенное родство (r1 = 0,49) генетических линий O/EA-3 и O/ME-SA/PanAsia2, производственный штамм «О № 2356/Пакистан/2018», относящийся к линии O/ME-SA/PanAsia2, может использоваться для защиты животных от заражения вирусом ящура генетической линии О/ЕА-3.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks that were reported in Africa in 2013–2023 (Egypt – 2013–2017, 2021, Algeria – 2018, 2019, 2022, Senegal – 2018, Libya – 2019, 2023, Morocco – 2019, Tunisia – 2019, 2022), were caused by O/EA-3 topotype virus. Given the current epizootic situation in the region and the trade and economic ties between the Russian Federation and African countries, there is an urgent need to study foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/EA-3 topotype strains to facilitate the development of diagnostic and specific prevention tools against this dangerous disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. A study of the biological properties of the exotic FMDV O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 strain (lineage O/EA-3) isolated in North Africa.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. FMDV O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 strain was isolated from cattle in Tunisia in 2019. A combination of cultural, serological, and molecular genetic methods was applied during the study. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences, this strain was identified as belonging to the O/EA-3 genetic lineage. The antigenic relationship (r1 ) of the O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 strain with FMDV production strains ranged from 0.01 to 0.54. The studied strain accumulated in cattle to an infectious titer of 5.00 log10 ID50 /0.1 mL, and in pigs to 4.75 log10 ID50 /0.1 mL. The FMDV O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 antigen served as the basis for producing strain-specific rabbit sera for FMD diagnosis, as well as a culture-derived, inactivated, monovalent, adsorbed vaccine capable of providing protection against infection with this exotic FMDV strain.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Biological properties of the FMDV strain (O/EA-3 lineage) isolated in North Africa were studied. In light of the close antigenic relationship (r1 = 0.49) between the O/EA-3 and O/ME-SA/PanAsia2 genetic lineages, the production strain O 2356/Pakistan/2018, which belongs to the O/ME-SA/PanAsia2 lineage, may be used to protect animals against infection with FMDV of the O/EA-3 genetic lineage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ящур</kwd><kwd>штамм «О/ЕА-3/Тунис/2019»</kwd><kwd>генетическая линия O/EA-3</kwd><kwd>реакция микронейтрализации</kwd><kwd>реакция связывания комплемента</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foot-and-mouth disease</kwd><kwd>O/EA-3/Tunisia/2019 strain</kwd><kwd>O/EA-3 genetic lineage</kwd><kwd>micro-neutralization test</kwd><kwd>complement fixation test</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Изучение биологических свойств, особенностей заноса и распространения вновь выявляемых возбудителей трансграничных и эмерджентных заболеваний животных, возможных факторов их передачи».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of a state assignment on the topic “Study of the biological properties, routes of introduction, and spread patterns of emerging and transboundary animal disease pathogens, and of the factors driving their transmission”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arzt J., Sanderson M. 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