veterinaryВетеринария сегодняVeterinary Science Today2304-196X2658-6959"Veinard"10.29326/2304-196X-2026-15-2-110-122veterinary-1010Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ | БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦREVIEWS | AVIAN DISEASESСпецифическая профилактика вирусного гепатита утят (обзор)Specific prevention of duck virus hepatitis (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-8162КуниковаЕ. Д.KunikovaE. D.

Куникова Екатерина Дмитриевна, ведущий технолог лаборатории профилактики болезней птиц

ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901

Ekaterina D. Kunikova, Leading Technologist, Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention

ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901

kunikova@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-0720ВолковМ. С.VolkovM. S.

Волков Михаил Сергеевич, д-р вет. наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией эпизоотологии и мониторинга

ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901

Mikhail S. Volkov, Dr. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of Laboratory for Epizootology and Monitoring

ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901

volkov_ms@arriah.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-8594МорозН. В.MorozN. V.

Мороз Наталья Владимировна, канд. вет. наук, заведующий лабораторией профилактики болезней птиц

ул. Гвардейская, 6, мкр. Юрьевец, г. Владимир, 600901

Natalia V. Moroz, Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of Laboratory for Avian Diseases Prevention

ul. Gvardeyskaya, 6, Yur’evets, Vladimir 600901

moroz@arriah.ruФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных» (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ»)РоссияFederal Centre for Animal HealthRussian Federation202621062026152110122Copyright © Куникова Е.Д., Волков М.С., Мороз Н.В., 20262026Куникова Е.Д., Волков М.С., Мороз Н.В.Kunikova E.D., Volkov M.S., Moroz N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://veterinary.arriah.ru/jour/article/view/1010Введение

Введение. Вирусный гепатит утят –высококонтагиозное острое заболевание молодняка уток, наносящее значительный экономический ущерб утководческим хозяйствам и входящее в перечень нотифицируемых болезней Всемирной организации здравоохранения животных. Наиболее распространены три типа вируса, из которых тип 1 встречается повсеместно и является основным этиологическим агентом в большинстве регионов мира.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Систематизация и анализ современных подходов к профилактике вирусного гепатита утят, обзор перспективных стратегий разработки рекомбинантных и поливалентных вакцин.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Поиск и анализ литературных источников проводился с использованием баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect и РИНЦ.

Результаты

Результаты. В статье приведен анализ современной эпизоотической ситуации по вирусному гепатиту утят, рассмотрены особенности патогенеза, иммунного ответа и диагностики заболевания. Представлены сравнительные данные по характеристикам различных вакцин против вирусного гепатита утят: их способу производства, эффективности, схемам иммунизации, формированию иммунитета, преимуществам и недостаткам, наличию на коммерческом рынке. Обобщены существующие подходы к защите поголовья и предложены направления дальнейших исследований.

Заключение

Заключение. Несмотря на наличие большого количества разнообразных зарубежных вакцин против вирусного гепатита утят, в Российской Федерации единственной производимой вакциной является вакцина против вирусного гепатита утят из штамма «ВГНКИ-К» эмбриональная (ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ», Россия), которая имеет достаточно ограниченный срок годности (9 мес.). В связи с этим в ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» проводится научно-исследовательская работа по разработке живой лиофилизированной вакцины с увеличенным сроком годности.

Introduction

Introduction. Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) is a highly contagious acute disease primarily affecting ducklings, causing significant economic losses in duck farming. It is included into the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) list of notifiable diseases. Three main virus types cause duck virus hepatitis, with type 1 being the most ubiquitous and the primary etiological agent in most regions worldwide.

Objective

Objective. Systematization and analysis of contemporary approaches to prevention of duck virus hepatitis, review of promising strategies for recombinant and multivalent vaccine development.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Literature searches and analysis were performed using the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) databases.

Results

Results. This article analyzes current DVH situation, and reviews key features of the disease pathogenesis, immune response and the disease diagnosis. Furthermore, it presents comparative data on various vaccine characteristics, including production methods, efficacy, immunization schedules, immune response profiles, advantages and disadvantages, and commercial availability. This article summarizes existing approaches to livestock protection and proposes directions for further research.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Although a large number of different foreign vaccines against DVH is available, embryo vaccine against DVH based on VGNKI-K strain is the only vaccine produced in the Russian Federation and it has a rather limited shelf life (9 months). In response to this need, the Federal Centre for Animal Health is carrying out research aimed at developing a live freeze-dried vaccine featuring extended shelf life.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.